Hyperkinetic Behavior and Learning Disorders

Abstract

of the variances due to treatments (t) and subjects (s)? If so, was such random variance used in computing the statistical estimates of significance? The question is raised because random variance calcu-lated in this way is always too small if either t or s are not normally distributed. As a consequence the estimate of signifi¬ cance will be exaggerated." These questions were referred to Dr. Ware, whose reply to the author was re¬ assuring. "The analyses of variance were calculated as described in the letter to you. Wherever there was a question of the normality of the distribution of the data, the Sign Test was used to confirm the results of the analysis of variance.The Sign Test is a nonparametric, dis¬ tribution-free test and, as the results agree quite closely with those of the analysis of variance, the issue of normality is not a major problem. Had the results of the two techniques not been in such agree¬ ment, it would have been necessary to perform a transformation of the data prior to the analysis." Readers will observe that the results of both methods of analysis are given in the paper and will understand why. This comment ends with two state¬ ments:1. There are inherent dangers in the use of many familiar methods of statisti¬ cal analysis when data depart from the normal or Gaussian distribution.2. Physicians engaged in research are deeply indebted to their colleagues in the field of mathematics for help in avoiding the pitfalls of a discipline in which they are not expert.-Ed.

A Dose‐Response and Time‐Action Analysis of Autonomic and Behavioral Effects of Methylphenidate in Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

“…Dissimilarities between the patterns of effects of methylphenidate on activity and on reaction time indicate that reduction in extraneous motor activity represents a primary effect of pharmacological in-tervention with hyperactive children rather than merely a secondary consequence of improved attention span. This conclusion is further supported by the finding in the current study that the decrease in activity level following methylphenidate occurred not only during the task phase as reported in other studies (Millichap. Aymat, Sturgis, Larsen.…”

Behavioral Status of Young Adolescents with Iron Deficiency Anemia

“…The average level of conduct problems observed among this older iron-deficient group was indeed within the range reported for hyperkinetic children(Knights & Hinton, 1969;Millichap, Aymat, Sturgis, Larsen, & Egan, 1968). And since our data showed a general increase in conduct problems between the thirteenth and fourteenth year, our original observation of progressive academic deterioration may reflect a partial confounding of this developmental trend as the behavioral instability of the anemic adolescent becomes incompatible with normal acquisitional functions.…”

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Melatonin and Triclofos for Inducing Adequate Sedation for Sleep Electroencephalogram in Children

“…Review for full text was performed for 33 articles and only 16 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review (4 studies describing the efficacy of triclofos, while 11 studies explored the efficacy of melatonin, and one retrospective study compared the efficacy of selective melatonin receptor agonist, ramelteon, triclofos, and chloral hydrate). 3 5 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21…”

“…Triclofos causes less gastric irritation and has better palatability as compared with chloral hydrate, as shown in the study by Millichap and thus in recent years, it is considered as a better alternative for sedation, although the efficacy and adverse effect profile of both these medications appear similar in reported studies. 19 Recently, some studies have been conducted in India, exploring its efficacy as a sedative in children and all these studies have shown good efficacy without any serious adverse effects. Consistent with this fact, in our review, most studies exploring triclofos were from Asia, while melatonin has been included in studies in different countries across the globe.…”