Hypergastrinaemia, abomasal bacterial population densities and pH in sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta

Simcock, David C.; Joblin, K. N.; Scott, Ian; Burgess, D M; Rogers, Chris W.; Pomroy, W.E.; Simpson, H.V.

doi:10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00065-x

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Indeed, our data suggest that alterations of the abomasal environment induced by T. circumcincta, including increased pH, epithelial permeability and mucosal inflammation [18], could promote the expansion of selected populations of bacteria that, in a positive loop, could trigger the onset of collateral, pathobiontdependent inflammation. However, given that changes in the gut microbiota are likely triggered by the increase of the abomasal pH that follows worm establishment [42,48], the mechanisms underlying differences in overall pathology between susceptible and resistant sheep (displaying Th17-and Th2-dominated immune responses, respectively) are still unclear (cf. [73][74]).…”

Section: Microbiota Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Cortés

Wills

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The multifaceted interactions between gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites, vertebrate host gut microbiota and the immune system are emerging as a key area of research within the field of host-parasite relationships. In spite of the plethora of data available on the impact that GI helminths exert on the composition of the gut microflora, whether alterations of microbial profiles are caused by direct parasite-bacteria interactions or, indirectly, by alterations of the GI environment (e.g. mucosal immunity), remains to be determined. Furthermore, no data is thus far available on the downstream roles that qualitative and quantitative changes in gut microbial composition play in the overall pathophysiology of parasite infection and disease. Results In this study, we investigated the fluctuations in microbiota composition and local immune microenvironment of sheep vaccinated against, and experimentally infected with, the ‘brown stomach worm’ Teladorsagia circumcincta, a parasite of worldwide socio-economic significance. We compared gut microbial profiles with those obtained from groups of unvaccinated/infected and unvaccinated/uninfected animals. We show that alterations to the gut microbial composition are associated mainly with parasite infection, and that this involves the expansion of populations of bacteria with known pro-inflammatory roles that may contribute to the immunopathology of helminth disease. Using novel quantitative approaches for the analysis of confocal microscopy-derived images we also show that gastric tissue infiltration of T cells is driven by parasitic infection rather than anti-helminth vaccination. Conclusions Teladorsagia circumcincta infection leads to an expansion of potentially pro-inflammatory gut microbial species and abomasal T cells. This data paves the way for future experiments aimed at determining the contribution of the gut flora to the pathophysiology of parasitic disease, with the ultimate aim to design and develop novel treatment/control strategies focused on preventing and/or restricting bacterial-mediated inflammation upon infection by gastrointestinal helminths.

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Section: Microbiota Profilingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Cortés

Wills

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Concurrently, hypergastrinaemia is often evident during a primary infection. In sheep, the anaerobic fraction of the abomasal microbiota expands rapidly when abomasal pH increases to 3.5 and above during a primary infection [3]. These changes directly contribute to impaired gastrointestinal function and ensuing productivity compromise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenome Plasticity of the Bovine Abomasal Microbiota in Immune Animals in Response to Ostertagia Ostertagi Infection

et al. 2011

PLoS ONE

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Infections in cattle by the abomasal nematode Ostertagia ostertagi result in impaired gastrointestinal function. Six partially immune animals were developed using multiple drug-attenuated infections, and these animals displayed reduced worm burdens and a slightly elevated abomasal pH upon reinfection. In this study, we characterized the abomasal microbiota in response to reinfection using metagenomic tools. Compared to uninfected controls, infection did not induce a significant change in the microbial community composition in immune animals. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis identified 15 phyla in the bovine abomasal microbiota with Bacteroidetes (60.5%), Firmicutes (27.1%), Proteobacteria (7.2%), Spirochates (2.9%), and Fibrobacteres (1.5%) being the most predominant. The number of prokaryotic genera and operational taxonomic units (OTU) identified in the abomasal microbial community was 70.8±19.8 (mean ± SD) and 90.3±2.9, respectively. However, the core microbiome comprised of 32 genera and 72 OTU. Infection seemingly had a minimal impact on the abomasal microbial diversity at a genus level in immune animals. Proteins predicted from whole genome shotgun (WGS) DNA sequences were assigned to 5,408 Pfam and 3,381 COG families, demonstrating dazzling arrays of functional diversity in bovine abomasal microbial communities. However, none of COG functional classes were significantly impacted by infection. Our results demonstrate that immune animals may develop abilities to maintain proper stability of their abomasal microbial ecosystem. A minimal disruption in the bovine abomasal microbiota by reinfection may contribute equally to the restoration of gastric function in immune animals.

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“…Hypergastrinemia has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for abomasal parasitism, either replacing or joining serum pepsinogen estimation (Simcock et al, 1999). On the other hand, hypergastrinemia can be used as a biomarker of hypo or a chlorhydria and can be seen as a sign of atrophic gastritis limited to the gastric corpus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Marshallagia marshalli on Serum Gastrin Concentrations in Experimentally Infected Lambs

Moradpour

Borji

Razmi

et al. 2016

Journal of Parasitology

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: Because there appeared to be no data available on serum gastrin concentrations in animals infected with Marshallagia marshalli, and considering the high prevalence of this parasite in livestock throughout many countries, we decided to perform research in the field using experimental infection. After surgical implantation of abomasal cannula into 10 male Baluchi sheep, each animal was orally infected with 5,000 M. marshalli larvae. Serum gastrin concentrations and abomasal pH were measured with a human ELISA kit and a PHM LE438 standard pH electrode, respectively. According to the results obtained from the study, serum gastrin increased after 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi), while abomasal pH increased after 7 dpi and reached a maximal value 16 dpi. The increase in serum gastrin concentration was revealed 6 days after elevation in abomasal pH, which could be the result of reduced acid secretion. Generally, the present study pointed out that a limited number of M. marshalli could increase serum gastrin concentrations.

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Hypergastrinaemia, abomasal bacterial population densities and pH in sheep infected with Ostertagia circumcincta

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Infection with the sheep gastrointestinal nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta increases luminal pathobionts

Metagenome Plasticity of the Bovine Abomasal Microbiota in Immune Animals in Response to Ostertagia Ostertagi Infection

The Effect of Marshallagia marshalli on Serum Gastrin Concentrations in Experimentally Infected Lambs

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