Hyperdiploidy with 58-66 chromosomes in childhood B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia is highly curable: 58951 CLG-EORTC results

Abstract

Key Points• Patients with 58-66 chromosomes have 99% event-free survival and 100% overall survival in the 58951 EORTC-CLG study.• The higher the ploidy, the better the prognosis in the 58951 EORTC-CLG study.The aim of our study was to analyze the factors contributing to heterogeneity of prognosis in patients with hyperdiploidy>50 chromosomes (HD>50), a group of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia with favorable outcome. The 541 HD>50 patients registered prospectively in the 58951 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Children's Leukemia Group (CLG) trial, identified by karyotype (446 patients) and by DNA index (DI) (490 patients), had a 6-year event-free survival (EFS) of 89.0% (standard error [SE] 5 1.5%) and a 6-year overall survival (OS) of 95.9% (SE 5 0.9%). The strongest prognostic factor was the modal number of chromosomes (MNC): the 6-year EFS of 51-53, 54-57, and 58-66 MNC groups were 80%, 89%, and 99%, respectively (P < .0001). Ploidy assessed by DI was also a favorable factor: the higher the DI, the better the outcome. The 6-year EFS of the 3 subgroups of DI < 1.16/ ‡ 1.16-<1.24/ ‡1.24 were 83%, 90%, and 95%, respectively (P 5 .009). All usual combinations of trisomies (chromosomes 4, 10, 17, 18) were significant favorable factors but had lower EFS when MNC was lower than 58. In multivariate analysis, MNC remained the strongest factor. Consequently, the best indicator for excellent outcome was ploidy assessed by karyotype because patients with 58-66 chromosomes stood every chance of being cured (OS of 100% at 6-year followup) with less-intensive therapy. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00003728. Registered: http://www.eortc. org/, http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00003728. (Blood. 2013;121(13):2415-2423

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Genetic Events and Molecular Signatures

“…This condition can be evaluated by measuring the DNA content of cells (DNA index) or by karyotyping. High hyperdiploidy is usually associated with clinically favorable outcomes and have a better prognosis [111][112][113].…”