Hygro-mechanical short-term behaviour of selected coatings: experiments and material modelling on vapour permeability and mechanical properties

Stöcklein, Josef; Konopka, Daniel; Grajcarek, Gerald; Tietze, Oliver; Oertel, Silvia; Schulze, Andreas; Kaliske, Michael

doi:10.1186/s40494-022-00768-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…In most cases, adhesives and the system of coatings are not investigated, and they are discarded in numerical models. In line with [120,153], an accurate hygro-mechanical analysis should also test and analyse them.…”

Section: Discussion On the Reviewed Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

2023

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In the world of cultural heritage, a wide range of artefacts and buildings are made of wood and, therefore, are subjected to moisture-induced stress and strain cycles, owing to environmental fluctuations. Simultaneous action of moisture and mechanical loads lead to a mechanosorptive effect on wood. Therefore, an increase in time-dependent creep, due to mechanical loads, is observed. The assessment of these complex phenomena entails the use of advance and interdisciplinary approaches. Consequently, this article reviews experimental and mathematical methods to study these degradation mechanisms in wooden artefacts and timber elements in heritage buildings. The paper presents the results of a six-step descriptive literature review, providing an overall picture of the ongoing research. Experimental techniques need to be improved so that they are in line with the conservation principles. The combination of experiments and simulations is a reliable predictive approach for better assessing the potential risk damages due to temperature, humidity cycles, and mechanical loads in complex structures. Thus, advanced numerical simulations and mathematical modelling include climate data and experimental measurements. This work also provides an overview of research performed on different categories of cultural heritage characterised by multi-layer structures. The mechanical response to wood–moisture relation is affected by the level of complexity of these structures. Finally, the use of realistic models is limited by knowledge about the material properties and the behaviour of complex structures over time. In addition, research gaps, limitations, and possible future research directions are also provided. This review may represent a starting point for future research on the thermo-hygro-mechanical behaviour of wood heritage.

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Section: Discussion On the Reviewed Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

2023

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Modelling of hygro-mechanical behaviour of wooden panel paintings: model calibration and artworks characterisation

et al. 2023

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Wooden Panel Paintings (WPP) are among the most significant historical and artistic artifacts from the Middle Ages and Renaissance and pose a challenge to conservators and scientists in both their comprehension and conservation. From a structural point of view, they can be considered as multi-layered objects, consisting of a wooden support and several pictorial layers. The wooden support, hygroscopic in nature, constantly seeks equilibrium with the humidity of the environment, and consequently deforms. Based on a series of hygroscopic tests carried out on six original WPPs, the present work aims to model their deformation tendencies induced by moisture changes and to characterise them by means of an inverse identification process. The sensitivity analysis of this study provided valuable insights into the complexity of the phenomenon of WPP deformation: even small variations in input variables (board anatomy, stiffness and emissivity of pictorial layers) led to significant changes in the deformation trend over time, highlighting the high variability of the physical problem under investigation. Sobol's analysis variance confirmed this complexity, demonstrating the different levels of influence of input variables and the existence of interactions between them. Overall, the results of this analysis highlighted the need to carefully evaluate the interactions and uncertainties in input variables to fully understand the complexity of the system. The iterative optimization process led to numerical results tending to agree with experimental data, with most results showing a very high correlation. This suggests that the chosen variables and modelling assumptions sufficiently described the physical system and that numerical models can be accurately calibrated. The proposed concept of 'learning from objects', by conducting experimental investigations specifically dedicated to understanding the deformation tendencies of the artwork, is essential. In this approach, numerical analysis is used in conjunction with experiments to gain a deeper understanding of the artwork, characterise it and extract valuable information.

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Exploring the inner hygro-mechanical behaviour of historical panel paintings: a novel approach using digital twins

Lorenzo,

Paola,

Thomas

et al. 2024

Herit Sci

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Wooden Panel Paintings (WPPs) stand as invaluable cultural artefacts from the past. These works present an intriguing challenge in understanding their complex mechanical behaviour and ensuring their long-term preservation. The present study assumes as founding paradigm the unicity of each WPP, in terms of its material composition, historical background, physical dimensions, and the specific environmental conditions it has been subjected to over time, and their complex behaviour, which requires the knowledge of both mechanical and materials specificity. These characteristics need to be considered, and studied in-depth for each individual WPP, particularly if the aim is to develop a comprehensive understanding of its individual mechanical behaviour. The study provides new computational models calibrated to reproduce the physical and mechanical behaviour of artworks and acting as their 'digital twins'. The models developed contribute significantly to the understanding of the mechanics of these artworks, including the impact of environmental thermo-hygrometric fluctuations and the role of structural elements such as crossbeams. The results, corroborated by experimental analyses, indicate that environmental variations, both short and long term, exert specific and quantifiable effects on the WPPs, and that the presence of crossbeams significantly influences the distribution of stresses within the panel, particularly affecting the pictorial layers that are often the most susceptible to damage. In this context the generated digital twins serve as an invaluable tool, offering the potential to simulate various risk scenarios or to evaluate the effectiveness of engineered conservation interventions on the WPPs.

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Hygro-mechanical short-term behaviour of selected coatings: experiments and material modelling on vapour permeability and mechanical properties

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

Heat and Moisture Induced Stress and Strain in Wooden Artefacts and Elements in Heritage Buildings: A Review

Modelling of hygro-mechanical behaviour of wooden panel paintings: model calibration and artworks characterisation

Exploring the inner hygro-mechanical behaviour of historical panel paintings: a novel approach using digital twins

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