Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae for biofuel production: State of the art review and future prospects

Barreiro, Diego López; Prins, Wolter; Ronsse, Frederik; Brilman, Wim

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.029

Cited by 597 publications

(404 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The interactions of reaction temperature and retention time on AP was just opposite to that of bio-crude oils reported in the previous study (Gai et al, 2014). The variations of nitrogen content in bio-crude oils and AP are mainly due to the deamination of amino acids from degradation of protein under hydrothermal conditions (López Barreiro et al, 2013). It indicates that, at the mild liquefaction conditions, more nitrogen is distributed into the AP while, at boundary conditions, including either lower temperature with a shorter retention time or higher temperature with a longer retention time, more nitrogen may partition to the bio-crude oils instead of to the AP.…”

Section: Total Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can convert organic substrates of the feedstock into bio-crude oil meanwhile a large amount of wastewater containing various nutrients is produced as a co-product in this process. To date, most studies focusing on HTL processing use lipid-rich microalgae as the feedstock (López Barreiro et al, 2013). Some recent studies have verified that other microalgae with lower lipid content but higher growth rates might constitute a suitable feedstock for this technology (Li et al, 2014;Gai et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Gai

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

109

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h i g h l i g h t sHydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae C. pyrenoidosa. t r a c tThis study investigated the characteristics of aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The interactions of operating conditions, including reaction temperature, retention time and total solid ratio were evaluated by response surface methodology. The chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were selected as indicators of the property of AP. Results indicated that total solid ratio was found to be the dominant factor affecting the nutrient recovery efficiencies of AP. Based on energy recovery, GC-MS indicated that the AP at two optimized operating conditions (280°C, 60 min, 35 wt.% and 300°C, 60 min, 25 wt.%) were observed to have a higher concentration of organic acids (10.35% and 8.34%) while the sample (260°C, 30 min, 35 wt.%) was observed to have the highest concentration of N&O-heterocyclic compounds (36.16%).

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Section: Total Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Gai

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

109

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“…Carbohydrate is hydrolyzed to produce reduced sugar and nonreduced sugar. In the temperature range of 100-200°C [10], amino acids, fatty acids and sugars will undergo further decomposition. Amino compounds are produced due to the decarboxylation of amino acids, and carbon dioxide is produced from the carboxyl group during this process to remove the oxygen from the microalgae.…”

Section: General Reaction Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a reasonable approach but could not reflect the actual reaction mechanism of the real biomass because during the HTL process each microalgae fraction does not behave independently [10]. The same chemical composition of bio-crude oil may be produced from different substrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of reaction pathways of hydrothermal liquefaction using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis

Gai

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

248

109

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a b s t r a c tLow-lipid microalgae can be successfully converted to bio-crude oil in a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) environment. This study examined the behavior of hydrothermal liquefaction of two low-lipid content microalgae in subcritical water between 200°C and 320°C at 20°C intervals. Under these conditions, the chemical composition and functional groups for the bio-crude oil and aqueous fraction were analyzed. Results indicated that reaction temperature greatly affected the distribution of chemical composition and functional groups of HTL bio-crude oil and aqueous fraction. The bio-crude oil with a higher percentage of aliphatic functional groups was obtained at higher reaction temperatures (280-320°C). Besides, the aqueous fraction recovered under the same operating conditions had a lower concentration of nitrogenous organic compounds (NOCs) with two or more methyl groups. The general reaction network for HTL of low-lipid microalgae was proposed. The specific reaction pathways for microalgae substrates were analyzed in terms of lipid, protein and non-fibrous carbohydrate based on the spectral analysis.

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“…The presence of heteroatoms such as N, O and S in the algal biocrude poses major challenges for the downstream refining process to produce fuel products (Barreiro et al, 2013b. Elliott et al, (2013) recently reported that heteroatoms in biocrude could be removed and/or reduced by hydro-treatment in the presence of suitable catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of operating conditions on yield and quality of biocrude during hydrothermal liquefaction of halophytic microalga Tetraselmis sp.

Eboibi

Lewis

Ashman

et al. 2014

Bioresource Technology

122

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NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Bioresource Technology resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Bioresource Technology, 2014; 170: 20-29 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe biomass of halophytic microalga Tetraselemis sp. with 16%w/w solids was converted into biocrude by a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process in a batch reactor at different temperatures (310, 330, 350 and 370 o C) and reaction times (5, 15, 30, 45 and 60min). The biocrude yield, elemental composition, energy density and severity parameter obtained at various reaction conditions were used to predict the optimum condition for maximum recovery of biocrude with improved quality. This study clearly indicated that the operating condition for obtaining maximum biocrude yield and ideal quality biocrude for refining were different. A maximum biocrude yield of ~65wt% ash free dry weight (AFDW) was obtained at 350 o C and 5min, with a severity parameter and energy density of 5.21 and ~35MJ/kg, respectively. The treatment with 45min reaction time recorded 2 ~62wt% (AFDW) yield of biocrude with and energy density of ~39MJ/kg and higher severity parameter of 7.53.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae for biofuel production: State of the art review and future prospects

Cited by 597 publications

References 70 publications

Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

An investigation of reaction pathways of hydrothermal liquefaction using Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis

Effect of operating conditions on yield and quality of biocrude during hydrothermal liquefaction of halophytic microalga Tetraselmis sp.

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