Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues

Martinez, Clara Lisseth Mendoza; Sermyagina, Ekaterina; Saari, Jussi; Jesus, Márcia Silva de; Cardoso, Marcelo; Almeida, Gilberto Machado de; Vakkilainen, Esa

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106004

Cited by 69 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The reactor was loaded with a 1:8 dry sample to water ratio (constant mass of 50 g of sludge on dry basis (db) or 98.4 g and 96.1 g on wet basis (wb) for PS and BS, respectively). The individual experiments were produced at reaction temperatures of 180, 200, 220 and 240 • C and a residence time of three hours, which is considered to be a typical representative retention time for reactions [2,3,24]. The process parameters were selected in accordance to different literature reports [3,25,26], which concluded that a 1:8 ratio enhances the decomposition reaction, which leads to a higher mass loss and heating value when compared to lower ratios.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The individual experiments were produced at reaction temperatures of 180, 200, 220 and 240 • C and a residence time of three hours, which is considered to be a typical representative retention time for reactions [2,3,24]. The process parameters were selected in accordance to different literature reports [3,25,26], which concluded that a 1:8 ratio enhances the decomposition reaction, which leads to a higher mass loss and heating value when compared to lower ratios. Additionally, Mohammed et al (2020) [27] reported an optimal HTC process biomass/water ratio of 0.114 (~1:8) for lignocellulose waste biomass.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of this waste has the potential to provide extra value, either in the form of chemical compounds or energy. The forest industry, for instance, generates abundant waste, the majority of which is often reused or recovered on site, and methods for generating additional revenue streams from these residues have been studied comprehensively [1][2][3]. At the same time, some side streams from the forest industry, such as sludge from pulp mill effluent treatment systems are more difficult to use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since HTC is not affected by high feedstock moisture content, the energy consumption is reduced due to elimination of the pre-drying requirement. Moreover, HTC increases the hydrophobicity of the feedstock [3], which may have an economical advantage due to lower energy consumption during the post-drying stage. Additionally, lower impact (sludging, corrosion) on the boilers when the treated sludge's destination is incineration may be reduced, which is related to lower equipment maintenance cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HTC process takes place at relatively low temperatures, usually in the range of 180-260 • C for at least five minutes but up to several hours in a closed system under autogenous pressures of 1-5 MPa and external heat supply [3,11]. By-products of the process include an energy-dense solid called hydrochar, aqueous compounds (HTC liquor) and gaseous streams (mainly CO 2 ) [3]. Depending on the process conditions, HTC liquor contains up to 15% of the initial carbon, mainly in the form of acetic and formic acid compounds [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

2021

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A modern pulp mill generates a variety of different by-products and waste streams, some of these can be recycled, refined, sold, or used on-site for energy production. However, some, such as chemical and biological sludges produced in wastewater treatment cannot be reused or disposed of easily, mainly due to their high moisture content and poor drying characteristics. Tightening legislation regarding waste disposal as well as the growing need to increase the process efficiencies of pulp mills act as driving forces to find environmentally friendly and energy-efficient techniques for pulp mill sludge treatment. This study summarizes the current methods for pulp mill sludge handling and evaluates the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a conversion process through which wet organic substrates can be transformed into a carbonaceous material (hydrochar). Depending on the process parameters, the material’s structure is modified, enabling hydrochar use in energy, soil conditioning and adsorption applications. The sludges were hydrothermally carbonized at 180, 200, 220 and 240 °C for 3 h. The hydrochar and liquid products’ main properties were analyzed. Their potential applications were also evaluated. The effective treatment of sludges from the pulp industry with HTC could transform energy-demanding waste into a value-added source of materials.

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Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

2021

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Harnessing Lignocellulosic Waste‐Derived Carbon Materials for Green Electrochemical Applications

Ramírez,

Muñoz‐Morales,

López‐Fernández

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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Phytoremediation and constructed wetlands are widely employed processes for the decontamination of soils and waters. These sustainable, effective, and cost‐efficient technologies rely solely on the use of plants. However, the application of these processes results in the accumulation of lignocellulosic residues, like it occurs with natural wetlands, which present a significant challenge due to the potential entry into the food chain of the adsorbed pollutants or the risk of initiating uncontrolled fires due to the accumulation of dead biomass. Nevertheless, rather than being perceived as a drawback, this can be seen as a potential source of materials. Carbonaceous materials are gaining increasing significance in the field of electrochemistry, normally improving their features through some type of thermal treatment. In this study, different types of thermal treatments applied to lignocellulosic wastes are reviewed pointing out pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Additionally, four environmental and energy electrochemical applications where this type of waste has been used as precursors of electrode materials are briefly examined: energy storage (supercapacitors, Li−Na‐ion batteries), hydrogen production (H2), microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Recent research findings, as discussed throughout this review, suggest a promising future for the utilization of lignocellulosic waste in electrochemical applications.

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Evaluation of the Char Formation During the Hydrothermal Treatment of Wooden Balls

Pfersich,

Arauzo,

Modugno

et al. 2023

Global Challenges

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With wooden balls, a visualization of the hydrothermal carbonization to show the progress of the conversion to char is presented. In the present study, the balls represent the particles of biomass to investigate the differences in conversion outside and inside of biomass particles, during hydrothermal carbonization. A special focus is on hydrochar and pyrochar formation. The wooden balls are treated in subcritical water at 220 °C for holding times between 0 and 960 min. Even after 960 min, hydrolysis of the original biomass is incomplete as cellulose and hemicellulose are linked by lignin, inhibiting the reaction with water. Moreover, two different pathways of char production can be observed. Inside of the wooden ball pyrochar is formed as any water got that deep in, on the surface hydrochar is fixed, originated from the surrounding liquid. On the ground of the HTC reactor, a thin, brittle precipitate of likely hydrochar or humins can be found either from the precipitation of loosely attached compounds on the surface of the biomass or direct precipitation from the liquid.

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Hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic agro-forest based biomass residues

Cited by 69 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

Harnessing Lignocellulosic Waste‐Derived Carbon Materials for Green Electrochemical Applications

Evaluation of the Char Formation During the Hydrothermal Treatment of Wooden Balls

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