Hydrosols of Veronica Species—Natural Source of Free Volatile Compounds with Potential Pharmacological Interest

Nazlić, Marija; Akrap, Karla; Kremer, Dario; Dunkić, Valerija

doi:10.3390/ph15111378

Cited by 6 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In that research, the composition of oil components obtained by classical (Clevenger apparatus, HD) and modern hydrodistillation (MAE) was compared, so the value of hexahydrofarnesyl acetone in the EO of V. anagalloides was 14.33% for HD and 19.12% for MAE [ 2 ]. Moreover, in Nazlić et al article [ 7 ], a much lower β -ionone relative percentage was found in this sample obtained by MAE compared to this study: only 4.22%.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The FVCs of the other five Veronica species studied in this paper were compared with previously published data [ 2 , 7 , 28 ]. In the composition of the EO extract of V. anagalloides , the dominant compounds are hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (16.17%) and β -ionone (13.13%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most significant differences in the proportions of the following compounds in the HY of V. anagalloides species are the following: in the extracts from 2022, the compound β -ionone was 16.53% and ( E ) -β -damascenone was 11.55% ( Table 3 ), while in the material from 2021, these compounds were identified in significantly lower proportions, β -ionone with 6.07% and ( E ) -β- damascenone with 1.52% [ 7 ]. The reported differences in the EOs’ relative percentages of some compounds for the species, V. anagalloides , V. austriaca ssp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HY of V. cymbalaria in this study is rich in the phenolic constituents methyl eugenol (38.61%) and ( Z )-methyl isoeugenol (31.32%), while oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide is 6.26% ( Table 3 ). Caryophyllene oxide is the most abundant compound in the previously published manuscript for the species V. cymbalaria HY with 37.12% [ 7 ]. The total phenolic components in V. cymbalaria in the research conducted on the material from 2021 are represented by only 5.51%, and the most abundant is thymol with 3.83%; methyl eugenol was not identified, and ( Z )-methyl isoeugenol was identified with less than 1% [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Essential oils are lipophilic, aromatized liquids with volatile constituents, obtained from plant material by steam distillation and named after the plant from which they originate [ 6 ]. Hydrosols are actually flavored waters obtained by condensation of water vapor in distillation processes [ 7 ] and contain a small quantity of water-soluble volatiles. Therefore, unlike EOs, HYs are safer for human use [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Volatile Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Six Veronica Species and Testing of Their Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities

Vrca,

Čikeš Čulić,

Lozić

et al. 2023

Plants

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This study was conducted to determine the differences in the chemical composition of the essential oils and hydrosols of six different Veronica species (V. agrestis, V. anagalloides, V. austriaca ssp. jacquinii, V. beccabunga, Veronica cymbalaria, and V. officinalis) and to test their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities, according to the authors’ knowledge, because of insufficient research and lack of information. Also, the goal was to determine which obtained samples were better in achieving antiproliferative and apoptotic activities and due to which volatile components. Therefore, essential oils (EOs) and hydrosols (HYs) were isolated from the above-mentioned Veronica species by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Phytochemical identification of the free volatile compounds was performed using a GC equipped with a flame ionization detector and a mass spectrometer. Their antiproliferative and apoptotic activities against two human cancer cell lines, breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and bladder cancer cell line T24, were determined. The main compounds identified in the studied Veronica EOs and HYs were terpinen-4-ol (0.34–6.49%), linalool (0.34–6.61%), (E)-caryophyllene (0.97–7.55%), allo-aromadendrene (0.18–2.21%), caryophyllene oxide (1.42–23.83%), benzene acetaldehyde (0.26–13.34%), and β-ionone (1.08–16.53%). In general, HYs of the tested Veronica species showed higher antiproliferative activity (IC50 13.41–42.05%) compared to EOs (IC50 158.1–970.4 µg/mL) on MDA-MB-231 and T24 cancer cell lines after 48 and 72 h. V. agrestis EO showed the best apoptotic effect among the EOs on the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line (10.47 ± 0.53% and 9.06 ± 0.74% of early/late apoptosis, compared with control 3.61 ± 0.62% and 0.80 ± 0.17% of early/late apoptosis, respectively) and among the HYs V. cymbalaria showed 9.95 ± 1.05% and 3.06 ± 0.28% of early/late apoptosis and V. anagalloides 8.29 ± 1.09% and 1.95 ± 0.36% of early/late apoptosis compared with control (for EO was 7.45 ± 1.01% and 0.54 ± 0.25%, and for HY was 4.91 ± 1.97% and 0.70 ± 0.09% of early/late apoptosis, respectively) on the T24 cancer cell line. Future research will include other Croatian species of the genus Veronica to gain a more complete insight into the biological activity of the volatile products of this genus for potential discovery of drugs based on natural plant extracts.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Volatile Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Six Veronica Species and Testing of Their Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities

Vrca,

Čikeš Čulić,

Lozić

et al. 2023

Plants

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Delving into the determinants of plant community patterns in Rivers — A case study of Hydrological Basin of Sebou (HBS)

Maissour,

Benamar

2024

Ecohydrology

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The critical role of macrophytes in aquatic environments cannot be overstated, but little attention has been paid to macrophytes in Moroccan rivers. This study aims to investigate the environmental factors that affect the presence and distribution of macrophytes in the Hydrological Basin of Sebou (HBS) in Morocco. The study focused on 39 hydrological stations, distributed across the five hydro‐ecoregions of the basin. The results show that the number of aquatic species is limited and significantly lower than that of riparian species, which are more diverse. Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) revealed that there is a significant difference in the riparian species communities between the various hydro‐ecoregions (R = 0.1853, Bonferroni corrected α = 0.0022). However, when only aquatic species were considered, ANOSIM showed no significant difference (R = 0.05524, Bonferroni corrected α = 0.1453), and the results were confirmed by the PERMANOVA test. Furthermore, ANOSIM did not reveal a clear difference in the composition of aquatic species between stations with low and high nutrients (R = 0.01348, p = 0.4245). The Student's t‐test also showed no significant difference in the variation of riparian and aquatic species numbers between the two groups (all species combined: t = 0.1639, p = 0.8723; riparian species: t = 0.4740, p = 0.6434; aquatic species: t = 0.9869, p = 0.3417).These findings highlight the need for further research into environmental factors limiting aquatic species diversity and nutrient thresholds affecting macrophyte abundance. Understanding these elements is crucial for addressing species distribution constraints and elucidating nutrient dynamics that influence macrophyte populations, enriching ecosystem management and conservation strategies.

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The chloroplast genomes of two medicinal species (Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. and Veronica undulata Wall.) and its comparative analysis with related Veronica species

Hai,

Qian,

Yang

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. and Veronica undulata Wall. are widely used ethnomedicinal plants in China. The two species have different clinical efficacies, while their extremely similar morphology and unclear interspecific relationship make it difficult to accurately identify them, leading to increased instances of mixed usage. This article reports on the complete chloroplast genomes sequence of these two species and their related Veronica species to conduct a comparative genomics analysis and phylogenetic construction. The results showed that the chloroplast (cp) genomes of Veronica exhibited typical circular quadripartite structures, with total lengths of 149,386 to 152,319 base pairs (bp), and GC content of 37.9 to 38.1%, and the number of genes was between 129–134. The total number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in V. anagallis-aquatica and V. undulata is 37 and 36, while V. arvensis had the highest total number of 56, predominantly characterized by A/T single bases. The vast majority of long repeat sequence types are forward repeats and palindromic repeats. Selective Ka/Ks values showed that three genes were under positive selection. Sequence differences often occur in the non-coding regions of the large single-copy region (LSC) and small single-copy region (SSC), with the lowest sequence variation in the inverted repeat regions (IR). Seven highly variable regions (trnT-GGU-psbD, rps8-rpl16, trnQ-UUG, trnN-GUU-ndhF, petL, ycf3, and ycf1) were detected, which may be potential molecular markers for identifying V. anagallis-aquatica and V. undulata. The phylogenetic tree indicates that there is a close genetic relationship between the genera Veronica and Neopicrorhiza, and V. anagallis-aquatica and V. undulata are sister groups. The molecular clock analysis results indicate that the divergence time of Veronica may occur at ∼ 9.09 Ma, and the divergence time of these two species occurs at ∼ 0.48 Ma. It is speculated that climate change may be the cause of Veronica species diversity and promote the radiation of the genus. The chloroplast genome data of nine Veronica specie provides important insights into the characteristics and evolution of the chloroplast genome of this genus, as well as the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Veronica.

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Hydrosols of Veronica Species—Natural Source of Free Volatile Compounds with Potential Pharmacological Interest

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

Isolation of Volatile Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Six Veronica Species and Testing of Their Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities

Isolation of Volatile Compounds by Microwave-Assisted Extraction from Six Veronica Species and Testing of Their Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Activities

Delving into the determinants of plant community patterns in Rivers — A case study of Hydrological Basin of Sebou (HBS)

The chloroplast genomes of two medicinal species (Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. and Veronica undulata Wall.) and its comparative analysis with related Veronica species

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