Arch Dermatol
 1961
DOI: 10.1001/archderm.1961.01580130137022
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Hydroquinone Bleaching

Malcolm C. Spencer1
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Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)
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“…The ineffectiveness of these compounds led to the clinical use of 4-IPC. Previous personal experience using 2% and 5% hydroquinone creams for the therapy of melasma has been disappointing and differs from the good results obtained by other workers (Spencer, 1961;Fitzpatrick et al, 1966). 4-IPC like other substituted phenols and hydroquinone is a primary irritant and in this trial the incidence of side effects was high.…”
Section: Histological Findingscontrasting
confidence: 76%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…The ineffectiveness of these compounds led to the clinical use of 4-IPC. Previous personal experience using 2% and 5% hydroquinone creams for the therapy of melasma has been disappointing and differs from the good results obtained by other workers (Spencer, 1961;Fitzpatrick et al, 1966). 4-IPC like other substituted phenols and hydroquinone is a primary irritant and in this trial the incidence of side effects was high.…”
Section: Histological Findingscontrasting
confidence: 76%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…There have been multiple studies reporting successful treatment of hyperpigmented conditions with topical depigmenting agents [16,[18][19][20][21][22][23]. Spencer [23] carried out the first study in 1961 assessing the efficacy of 1.5% and 2% hydroquinone in the management of hyperpigmentation in 98 subjects, and reported improvement in 45% of patients with no adverse effects.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Spencer [23] carried out the first study in 1961 assessing the efficacy of 1.5% and 2% hydroquinone in the management of hyperpigmentation in 98 subjects, and reported improvement in 45% of patients with no adverse effects. Since hydroquinone has been recognized as the gold standard in the management of hyperpigmentation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…There have been multiple studies reporting successful treatment of hyperpigmented conditions with topical depigmenting agents 16, 18–23. Spencer 23 carried out the first study in 1961 assessing the efficacy of 1.5% and 2% hydroquinone in the management of hyperpigmentation in 98 subjects, and reported improvement in 45% of patients with no adverse effects. Since hydroquinone has been recognized as the gold standard in the management of hyperpigmentation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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