Hydrophobicity and Macroscale Tribology Behavior of Stearic Acid/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Dual-Layer Composite

Shi, Shih Chen; Peng, Yao-Qing

doi:10.3390/ma14247707

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The improvement of wear resistance depends on the protection of secondary plateaus [ 23 , 26 , 27 ]. During friction, the secondary plateaus can play a role in isolating CBFMs from the brake disc, thus reducing the abrasion [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Zhuang

Tong

et al. 2023

Materials

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Because of the excellent thermal conduction, corrosion resistance, and tribological properties, copper-based friction materials (CBFMs) were widely used in airplanes, high-speed trains, and wind power generation. With operating speed continuously increasing, CBFMs are suffering more complicated and extreme working conditions, which would cause abnormal abrasion. This paper presents an experiment to investigate how the tribological behaviors of CBFMs are regulated by granulation technology. Samples were prepared by the method of granulation and cool-pressed sinter. The tribological properties of specimens with different granule sizes were studied. The results showed that granulation could improve the tribological properties of CBFMs. The friction coefficient (COF) increased first and then decreased with increasing granule size. Specimen fabricated with 5–8 mm granules obtained the lowest COF, which was reduced by 22.49% than that made of powders. Moreover, the wear rate decreased first and then increased as granule size increased. The wear rate of samples prepared by granules 3–5 mm was lower than that of all of the other samples. This is because the structured samples prepared by wet granulation can promote the formation of secondary plateaus, which are beneficial for enhancing tribological properties. This makes granulation a promising method for enhancing the tribological performances of CBFMs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Zhuang

Tong

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…HPMC, in this system, also works as a stabilizer by distributing stearic acid molecules evenly in the colloidal system. When the number of HPMC molecules is greater than or equal to stearic acid molecules, long chain HPMC molecules trap the stearic acid molecules and limit their movement, preventing the stearic acid molecules from contacting with water molecules so that they prevent deposition [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Fruits Extract in Vegetable Oil-Based Liquid Hand Soap

Hayati,

Sari,

Hanum

et al. 2023

Malacca Pharm.

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The main method of preventing infections is good hand cleanliness. Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruits contains flavonoids, which have been tested for antibacterial activity. Polar chemicals like flavonoids are often extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Therefore, this study aimed to formulate an ethanol extract of A. bilimbi fruits in the form of hand soap. This formulation used vegetable oils such as olive oil, coconut oil, and castor oil, which are high in fatty acids to maintain healthy skin. Antibacterial activity was carried out against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extract was prepared by maceration for 5 days using an ethanol solvent. Liquid soap contained A. bilimbi fruit extracts at 5% (F1) and 10% (F2). The F1 and F2 organoleptic tests showed the preparation as a thick liquid with a distinctive coconut oil aroma, light brown (F1) and brown (F2) color. pH values of 5.8 (F1) and 5.6 (F2). Foam height stability was 71.5% (F1) and 73.1% (F2). The specific gravity for the two formulas was 1.02 g/mL. The viscosity of F1 and F2 was 137.6 cP and 163.5 cP, respectively. Inhibition power against S. aureus using the agar diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone showed strong (F1) and very strong (F2) categories The inhibition against S. aureus showed strong (F1) and very strong (F2) categories. While F1 has no inhibitory power against E. coli, F2 showed inhibition in the strong category. Based on our research, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit extract can produce good hand soap and have bacteria-inhibiting activity. However, further formula development is still needed to obtain preparations that meet all the requirements and stability tests.

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“…As an important part in brake systems, resin-based friction materials (RBFMs) are the last line of defense for safe operation; their stability and reliability are directly related to the safety of passengers [ 2 , 3 ]. At present, friction materials applied to brake systems can be divided into four categories: ceramic-based friction materials, resin-based friction materials, powder metallurgy friction materials, and C/C composite materials [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Among them, RBFMs are widely used because of their simple preparation and low cost [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Polyether Ether Ketone Fiber-Reinforced Resin-Based Friction Materials Fabricated by Wet Granulation

Li,

Ma,

Liu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Resin-based friction materials (RBFMs) strengthened by polyether ether ketone (PEEK) fiber were designed and prepared in this study. Specimens incorporating PEEK fiber of 2–8 wt.% were fabricated based on wet granulation, and then the effects of the PEEK fiber content on the mechanical and tribological properties of RBFMs were systematically investigated. The results showed that PEEK fiber can sense the braking temperature and then effectively regulate the comprehensive properties of RBFMs. The specimen incorporating 6 wt.% PEEK fiber obtained the optimal comprehensive performance with a stable friction coefficient (COF), excellent fade resistance and recovery properties, and better wear resistance. The worn surface was inspected using a scanning electron microscope. After the friction–wear test, the specimen with 6 wt.% PEEK fiber presented a number of primary and secondary plateaus and a reduced number of pits with wear debris on the worn surface. The study indicated that PEEK fiber could not only enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of RBFMs at low temperatures because of their high strength and self-lubrication but also adhere to wear debris to reduce abrasive wear at high temperatures; furthermore, the adhered wear debris could form a secondary plateau under normal pressure, which could alleviate abrasion.

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Hydrophobicity and Macroscale Tribology Behavior of Stearic Acid/Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Dual-Layer Composite

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Effect of Wet Granulation on Tribological Behaviors of Cu-Based Friction Materials

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi L. Fruits Extract in Vegetable Oil-Based Liquid Hand Soap

Evaluation of the Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Polyether Ether Ketone Fiber-Reinforced Resin-Based Friction Materials Fabricated by Wet Granulation

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