Hydrologic modeling analysis of a passive, residential rainwater harvesting program in an urbanized, semi-arid watershed

Walsh, Thomas; Pomeroy, Christine; Burian, Steven J.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.038

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Modeling approaches simulate the influence of land-cover change on the rainfall-runoff relationship, potentially revealing a causal link between the former and latter while controlling for climate variability. This approach is particularly useful when the goal is to evaluate "what if" scenarios (e.g., evaluating how the storm hydrograph might change in response to various LID interventions, see discussion of modeling tools in Section 4), 135,136 and in cases where longterm rainfall-runoff records are not available. Alternatively, when the goal is a post de facto evaluation of an LID intervention, time series analysis can be conducted on rainfall and hydrograph data, provided quality data are available both before and after the intervention.…”

Section: Optimizing Lid Selection At the Catchment Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

From Rain Tanks to Catchments: Use of Low-Impact Development To Address Hydrologic Symptoms of the Urban Stream Syndrome

Askarizadeh

Rippy

Fletcher

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

137

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Catchment urbanization perturbs the water and sediment budgets of streams, degrades stream health and function, and causes a constellation of flow, water quality, and ecological symptoms collectively known as the urban stream syndrome. Low-impact development (LID) technologies address the hydrologic symptoms of the urban stream syndrome by mimicking natural flow paths and restoring a natural water balance. Over annual time scales, the volumes of stormwater that should be infiltrated and harvested can be estimated from a catchment-scale water-balance given local climate conditions and preurban land cover. For all but the wettest regions of the world, a much larger volume of stormwater runoff should be harvested than infiltrated to maintain stream hydrology in a preurban state. Efforts to prevent or reverse hydrologic symptoms associated with the urban stream syndrome will therefore require: (1) selecting the right mix of LID technologies that provide regionally tailored ratios of stormwater harvesting and infiltration; (2) integrating these LID technologies into next-generation drainage systems; (3) maximizing potential cobenefits including water supply augmentation, flood protection, improved water quality, and urban amenities; and (4) long-term hydrologic monitoring to evaluate the efficacy of LID interventions.

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Section: Optimizing Lid Selection At the Catchment Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

From Rain Tanks to Catchments: Use of Low-Impact Development To Address Hydrologic Symptoms of the Urban Stream Syndrome

Askarizadeh

Rippy

Fletcher

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

137

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“…Thirdly, there is research on filter media in rain gardens. Some studies have found that rain gardens generally have a relatively unique underlying surface (i.e., water permeable filler media), and they can retain runoff volume, delay flood peak flow, or provide a cushion for rainfall runoff [12,13].Thus, the media type of the rain garden has an important influence on its purification effect [14]. Fourthly, some research focuses on plant selection in rain gardens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven-Year Running Effect Evaluation and Fate Analysis of Rain Gardens in Xi’an, Northwest China

Guo

et al. 2018

Water

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Rain gardens have recently been studied as important low-impact development (LID) facilities that play a critical role in runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. Approximately 16-40 rainfall events were monitored from March 2011 to October 2017 in order to determine the running effect of three rain gardens with respect to runoff volume reduction and pollutant purification. In particular, running fate analysis of rain gardens is the key focus in this study. Combined analyses revealed three key points. Firstly, performance assessment demonstrated that rain gardens effectively cut inflow volumes through the filter media; when the confluence area ratio was 6:1-20:1 (confluence ratio = roof area or road/garden area) and the rainfall was approximately 2.8-39.9 mm, the runoff volume reduction rate ranged from 9.8% to 100.0%. However, the average annual runoff reduction rate presented an initially increasing and then gradually decreasing trend with monitoring time. Secondly, according to water quality data in 54 rainfall events, the annual average concentration removal rate of NH 4 + -N was relatively good, but generally decreased with monitoring time. The concentration removal rate of NO 3 − -N and total phosphorus (TP) is unstable; however, the removal rate of total suspended solids (TSS) is better than that of total nitrogen (TN). Combined with runoff reduction, the pollutant load reduction by rain gardens is greater than 50%, although this decreases with increasing monitoring time. Thirdly, through the study of 7-year running effect on runoff reduction and pollutant purification, the "three-stage purification (TSP) concept" (periods of purification growth, stability, and attenuation) with respect to pollutant load reduction processes was finally proposed, and a curve chart was drawn for pollutant load reduction and rain garden operating fate (the "P-F" curve chart).

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“…Steffen et al [16] showed that a 190-liter rain barrel installed for a household of four persons can provide a water saving efficiency of approximately 50% of the nonpotable indoor water demand in regions with higher annual precipitation. Walsh et al [17] evaluated rainwater harvesting systems of different capacities and identified that the 227-litter rain barrel is the most cost-effective in their case study location. The LID increases not only the time to peak, but also the volume of detention water serving as a distributed water supply system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stormwater Management toward Water Supply at the Community Scale—A Case Study in Northern Taiwan

Tung

Chen

2017

Sustainability

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Adaptation measures are necessary for reducing the impacts of extreme climatic events, especially at the community scale. Constructed wetlands and rainwater harvesting systems are commonly used as on-site water supply systems for distributed adaptation. The purpose of this study is to build a community water supply model and to evaluate the performance of low impact development (LID) modules as water supply facilities. The community water supply model simulates four water balances, namely, household storage, the constructed wetland, the rainwater harvesting system, and paddy fields. Three performance indicators are utilized, namely, the water saving efficiency, tolerance duration, and water use efficiency. The results show that the rainwater harvesting system saves up to 25.8% of the total domestic water demand, and the constructed wetland saves up to 40% of the irrigation water demand in Xingshi Village, located in northern Taiwan. In conclusion, the constructed wetland and rainwater harvesting system are good candidates for on-site water supply systems at the community scale. However, constructing a community water supply system requires more study, including a climate change risk assessment and the optimization of adaptation measures.

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Hydrologic modeling analysis of a passive, residential rainwater harvesting program in an urbanized, semi-arid watershed

Cited by 109 publications

References 38 publications

From Rain Tanks to Catchments: Use of Low-Impact Development To Address Hydrologic Symptoms of the Urban Stream Syndrome

From Rain Tanks to Catchments: Use of Low-Impact Development To Address Hydrologic Symptoms of the Urban Stream Syndrome

Seven-Year Running Effect Evaluation and Fate Analysis of Rain Gardens in Xi’an, Northwest China

Stormwater Management toward Water Supply at the Community Scale—A Case Study in Northern Taiwan

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