Hydrogeological implications of the resistivity distribution inferred from electrical prospecting data from the Apulian carbonate platform

Quarto, R.; Schiavone, D.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(94)90218-6

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The time required for the installation was about two hours and the water volume used for each infiltration test was about 0.5 m 3 for the limestone, and about 0.3 m 3 for calcarenite, depending on the local rock permeability. On the whole, the field-hydraulic conductivity data obtained from the infiltrometer tests (0.67 m d -1 and 0.054 m d -1 , for tests #1 and #2 on limestone, respectively, and 0.77 m d -1 for calcarenite) are consistent with the nature of the rocks tested and are corroborated by laboratory measurements carried out by other authors (Quarto & Schiavone, 1994;Borgia et al, 2002). The difference between the field-saturated hydraulic conductivity values obtained by the infiltration tests, highlights the difference of the outcrops studied, owing to the different geological formations characterized from variable heterogeneity degree (number and size of fractures).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks

Caputo¹,

Carlo²

2011

Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination and Applications

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Hydraulic Conductivity -Issues, Determination and Applications 286 installation. Reynolds et al. (2002) conducted infiltrometer tests under different conditions, Ledds-Harrison & Youngs (1994) used very small diameter rings (from 1.45 mm to 2.5 mm) for field measurements on individual soil aggregates, Youngs et al. (1996) used a 20 m diameter infiltrometer cylinder to measure highly structured and variable materials that could not be sampled adequately by a smaller cylinder. Castiglione et al. (2005) developed in the laboratory a tension infiltrometer ring, 4 cm in height and 27.5 cm in diameter, suitable for accurate measurements of infiltration into a big sample of fractured volcanic tuff, at very low flow rates over long equilibration times. Most field studies employ cylinder infiltrometers with diameters ranging commonly from 1 to 50 cm, which are poorly representative of the heterogeneous media, such as fractured rocks, in which hydraulically important fractures may, typically, be spaced further apart than the cylinder's diameter. Indeed, up to now infiltrometer tests have rarely been performed directly on-site on rock outcrops. This chapter describes a methodology to obtain the field-saturated hydraulic conductivity, Kfs, by using a ring infiltrometer, with a large (~2 m) adjustable diameter, developed for measuring quasi-steady infiltration rates on outcropped rock. Kfs is the hydraulic conductivity of the medium (soil or rock) when it has been brought to a nearsaturated state by water applied abundantly at the land surface, typically by processes such as ponded infiltration, copious rainfall or irrigation. The proposed device is inexpensive and simple to implement, as well as very versatile, owing to its large adjustable diameter that can be fixed on-site. Moreover, certain practical problems, related to the installation of the cylindrical ring on the rock surface, were solved in order to achieve a continuous and impermeable joint surface between the rock and the ring wall. An issue of major concern is linked to the edge effects, related to the radial spreading of the infiltrating water; obviously smaller rings are more influenced by these effects. Swartzendruber & Olson (1961) and Lai & Ren (2007) found that the ring infiltrometer needs a diameter greater than 1.2 m and 0.8 m, respectively, to avoid the edge effects. For this reason, the proposed large ring infiltrometer is made of a strip of flexible material with which build the cylinder on-site, with a suitable diameter in relation to the lithological and topographical features of the field. The flexible material, such as plastic or glass resin, allows the minimization of the size of the ring and, therefore, its movement easily, in order to acquire a large number of independent K fs measurements over a given area. In fact, because of the extreme spatial variability of K fs , its value finds statistical consistency in multiple tests. Geophysical techniques were coupled with the infiltrometer tests in order to monitor, qualitatively, the water infilt...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks

Caputo¹,

Carlo²

2011

Hydraulic Conductivity - Issues, Determination and Applications

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“…The low resistivity zones can be related qualitatively to fractured rock with high water content and moderate salinity. This assumption is consistent with the classification of different resistivity zones made by Quarto and Schiavone (1994) using similar electrical resistivity measurements recorded for the same geological formation. For both tests the electrical resistivity measurements Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In fact, even though the two test sites were only 300 m apart, and the experiments were performed on the same geological formations, the infiltration rates observed in the areas tested were very different. Quarto and Schiavone (1994), with laboratory measurements on saturated fractured limestone cores derived from the Murge carbonate platform, showed the applicability of Archie's first law (using F = 2.06 9 U -1.77 , where F(-) is the formation factor and U is the porosity), which provides a rock porosity \2%, by including matrix and fracture porosities. For the Altamura fractured limestone, the modified Kozeny-Carman equation (Pape et al 1999) leads to outcrop saturated conductivity values ranging from 0.6 to 12 m day -1 , considering a rock outcrop porosity from 1-2%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity on fractured rock outcrops near Altamura (Southern Italy) with an adjustable large ring infiltrometer

Caputo¹,

Carlo²,

Masciopinto³

et al. 2009

Environ Earth Sci

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Up to now, field studies set up to measure fieldsaturated hydraulic conductivity to evaluate contamination risks, have employed small cylinders that may not be representative of the scale of measurements in heterogeneous media. In this study, a large adjustable ring infiltrometer was designed to be installed on-site directly on rock to measure its field-saturated hydraulic conductivity. The proposed device is inexpensive and simple to implement, yet also very versatile, due to its large adjustable diameter that can be fixed on-site. It thus allows an improved representation of the natural system's heterogeneity, while also taking into consideration irregularities in the soil/rock surface. The new apparatus was tested on an outcrop of karstic fractured limestone overlying the deep Murge aquifer in the South of Italy, which has recently been affected by untreated sludge disposal, derived from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The quasi-steady vertical flow into the unsaturated fractures was investigated by measuring water levels during infiltrometer tests. Simultaneously, subsurface electrical resistivity measurements were used to visualize the infiltration of water in the subsoil, due to unsaturated water flow in the fractures. The proposed experimental apparatus works well on rock outcrops, and allows the repetition of infiltration tests at many locations in order to reduce model uncertainties in heterogeneous media.

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“…Although various geophysical techniques are currently being used to explore and assess water resources (e.g. the gravity method (ALI and WHITE- LEY, 1981), the seismic method (GEISSLER, 1989), the electromagnetic ground conductivity method (PALACKY et al, 1981;VAN LISSA et al, 1987), the geoelectrical section method (STEWART et al, 1983), resistivity imaging methods (IOANNIS et al, 2002), conventional VLF and VLF resistivity methods (PODDAR and RATHOR, 1983); electrical and magnetotelluric surveys (QUARTO and SCHIAVONE, 1994), and electrical resistivity tomography (RITZ et al, 1999)), the electrical resistivity method still proves the most powerful. We selected this method for our research because the instrumentation is portable, inexpensive in terms of logistics, straightforward, analysis of the data is less tedious and is economical (ZOHDY et al, 1974;EKINE and OSOBONYE, 1996;AKO and OLORUNFEMI, 1989;BATTE et al, 2008).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Geoelectric Data with Aquifer Parameters to Delineate the Groundwater Potential of Hard rock Terrain in Central Uganda

Batte

Barifaijo

Kiberu

et al. 2010

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Knowledge of aquifer parameters is essential for management of groundwater resources. Conventionally, these parameters are estimated through pumping tests carried out on water wells. This paper presents a study that was conducted in three villages (Tumba, Kabazi, and Ndaiga) of Nakasongola District, central Uganda to investigate the hydrogeological characteristics of the basement aquifers. Our objective was to correlate surface resistivity data with aquifer properties in order to reveal the groundwater potential in the district. Existing electrical resistivity and borehole data from 20 villages in Nakasongola District were used to correlate the aquifer apparent resistivity (q e ) with its hydraulic conductivity (K e ), and aquifer transverse resistance (TR) with its transmissivity (T e ). K e was found to be related to q e by; Log ðK e Þ ¼ À0:002q e þ 2:692. Similarly, TR was found to be related to T by; TR ¼ À0:07T e þ 2260. Using these expressions, aquifer parameters (T c and K c ) were extrapolated from measurements obtained from surface resistivity surveys. Our results show very low resistivities for the presumed water-bearing aquifer zones, possibly because of deteriorating quality of the groundwater and their packing and grain size. Drilling at the preferred VES spots was conducted before the pumping tests to reveal the aquifer characteristics. Aquifer parameters (T o and K o ) as obtained from pumping tests gave values (29,424.7 m 2 /day, 374.3 m/day), (9,801.1 m 2 /day, 437.0 m/day), (31,852.4 m 2 /day, 392.9 m/day). The estimated aquifer parameter (T c and K c ) when extrapolated from surface geoelectrical data gave (7,142.9 m 2 /day, 381.9 m/ day), (28,200.0 m 2 /day, 463.4 m/day), (19,428.6 m 2 /day, 459.2 m/ day) for Tumba, Kabazi, and Ndaiga villages, respectively. Interestingly, the similarity between the K c and K o pairs was not significantly different. We observed no significant relationships between the T c and T o pairs . The root mean square errors were estimated to be 18,159 m 2 /day and 41.4 m/day.

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Hydrogeological implications of the resistivity distribution inferred from electrical prospecting data from the Apulian carbonate platform

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks

Field Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Rocks

Measurement of field-saturated hydraulic conductivity on fractured rock outcrops near Altamura (Southern Italy) with an adjustable large ring infiltrometer

Correlation of Geoelectric Data with Aquifer Parameters to Delineate the Groundwater Potential of Hard rock Terrain in Central Uganda

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