Hydrogen-donor solvents in biomass liquefaction

Vasilakos, Nicholas P.; Austgen, David M.

doi:10.1021/i200029a015

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hydrogen donating solvents such as tetralin [44,45] or 9, 10-dihydroanthracene (AnH 2 ) and derivatives [46] have successfully been tested for their potential in biomass and lignin depolymerization processes, e.g., AnH 2 is a stronger hydrogen donor compared to tetralin and also serves as a radical scavenger [47]. However, a major drawback is the need for large quantities of these solvents, and since they react, they are consumed and they either cannot or can only partly be recovered.…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenols from Lignin

2008

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Lignin accounts for approximately 25-35 % of the organic matrix of wood and lignocellulosic biomass in itself is the most abundant renewable material on the planet. It has long been recognized as a potential feedstock for producing chemicals, fuels, and materials. Despite this excellent availabilty of lignin it is a low value compound and has so far mainly been used as energy source in combustion applications. Less than 5 % are being processed for other purposes. This article discusses the potential for an increased use of lignin as a renewable raw material, possible conversion routes towards monomeric phenolic compounds, and applications for these products. A brief overview about present state-of-the-art is given and a high-yielding, one-step approach of producing alkylated phenolic compounds from lignin is presented.

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Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenols from Lignin

2008

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“…Experiments with tetralin (a hydrogen donor solvent) and 1-methylnaphthalene (a non-hydrogen donor solvent) were conducted to provide comparisons with water at comparable temperatures. Tetralin is a hydrogen-donor solvent which gives high conversions by reacting with free radicals producing more lower molecular weight products as reported previously [40][41][42]. Tetralin as a solvent for biomass conversion gives rise to high feedstock conversion ~90 wt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Pyrolysis oil upgrading in high conversions using sub- and supercritical water above 400 °C

Isa

Snape

Uguna

et al. 2016

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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(2016) Pyrolysis oil upgrading in high conversions using suband supercritical water above 400°C. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 119 . pp. 180-188. ISSN 0165-2370 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/34433/1/Isa%202016%20-%20JAAP.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractThe upgrading of pyrolysis oil to bio-fuel was investigated using sub-and supercritical water at 410 and 450 o C, with a high mass ratio of water to pyrolysis oil to ascertain the maximum yields that could be achieved. The results indicate that conversions increased with increasing pyrolysis oil to water mass ratio at high water ratio under supercritical water conditions at 410 o C, gave the highest products conversion of ~91 wt. %, with 28 wt. % heavy oil recovered, ~23 wt. % gas yield, 27 wt. % water generated and approximately 13-14 wt. % of light oil produced. Similar product conversion was obtained using biomass as a feedstock with slightly higher water mass ratio added into the reactor (R1:15), and slightly lower heavy oil yield was recovered (21 wt. %). Gas generation was observed to % of water generated. The oxygen contents of the heavy oil recovered were ~15-16 % (for 410 and 450 o C), with H/C atomic ratios of 1.1. Similar overall conversions were achieved using tetralin with much lower solvent to oil ratios were needed and the liquid products had a slightly lower oxygen 2 content (14 %). The estimated hydrogen from water was estimated as ca. 0.3 % at 410 and 450 o C in high conversions of pyrolysis oil experiments, and experiments with tetralin/1-methyl naphthalene provide evidence that a small amount of hydrogen was sufficient to achieve high product conversion, giving an increase of H element content from 7.0 % to 7.3 %.

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“…In general, depolymerisation of lignin can be carried out at lower temperatures when a hydrogen donor species is present to aid in bond scission. Some common hydrogen donors are tetralin [234], formic acid [269], and 2-propanol [270]. Hydrogenolysis typically leads to less-oxygenated products, and by saturating vinylic and allylic substituents render them more stable to give an increase in ethyland propyl-substituted species [271].…”

Section: Hydrogenolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isopropanol, another inexpensive reagent, decomposes into hydrogen and acetone on heating above 200°C, more rapidly in the presence of a basic catalyst [270]. Simultaneous use of formic acid and isopropanol has been successful in simultaneously depolymerising and deoxygenating lignin [269], a process that is discussed in more detail in section 18.5.5.…”

Section: Hydrogenolysismentioning

confidence: 99%