Hydrogen as an energy vector

Abdin, Z.; Zafaranloo, Ali; Rafiee, Ahmad; Mérida, Walter; Lipiński, Wojciech; Khalilpour, Rajab

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109620

Cited by 672 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…The methanol energy density is 5.5 kWh kg -1 (4.4 kWh L -1 ) and its volumetric density is approximately 6-fold that of hydrogen [4]. Methanol is a good energy storage option in order to store the intermittent power by electrolyzing water to hydrogen and further reaction with CO 2 to produce methanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation

Rafiee

2020

Chem Eng & Technol

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Methanol production through CO2 hydrogenation was investigated in a series of fixed‐bed reactors. Staging of the reactor into several smaller reactors is considered to enhance methanol production, in addition to maximizing a measure of annual profit. The degrees of freedom of the reactor system are the number of stages, the cooling medium temperature, the heat transfer area, and the volume of the stages. Depending on the objective function (OF) criteria, staging of the reactor increases the OF values to various extents. When the objective is to maximize the methanol production, the OF of a three‐stage reactor system with an inlet H2/CO2 ratio of 2 is 2.61 % higher than in the single‐stage configuration. Staging of the reactor also increases the synthesis gas conversion to methanol. However, if maximizing the annual profit is the objective, the profitability of the two‐stage configuration is 2.05 % greater than in the case with one reactor, due to the higher methanol production of the staged reaction system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation

Rafiee

2020

Chem Eng & Technol

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“…Similar studies on the establishment of reactors are being conducted by European companies through public and private financing at BASF New Business GmbH, BASF SE, VdEh Betriebs Forschungs Institut, HTE GmbH, Linde AG, Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions AG, TU Dortmund, Verbundnetz Gas and other companies ranked among world leaders in the sphere of greenhouse gas emission reduction. In theory, pyrolysis technologies are capable of providing not only zero carbon emissions but a negative carbon footprint through the use of agricultural waste and products [18]. Without delving into the details of the technological processes, we will cite only general information related to them (Fig.2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Barriers to implementation of hydrogen initiatives in the context of global energy sustainable development

Литвиненко¹,

Tsvetkov²,

Двойников³

et al. 2020

PMI

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Modern trends in the global energy market linked to the Sustainable Development Goals often lead to the adoption of political decisions with little basis in fact. Stepping up the development of renewable energy sources is an economically questionable but necessary step in terms of its social and ecological effects. However, subsequent development of hydrogen infrastructure is, at the very least, a dangerous initiative. In connection with mentioned above, an attempt to examine hydrogen by conducting an integral assessment of its characteristics has been made in this article. As a result of the research conducted, the following conclusions concerning the potential of the widespread implementation of hydrogen in the power generation sector have been made: as a chemical element, it harms steel structures, which significantly impedes the selection of suitable materials; its physical and volume characteristics decrease the general efficiency of the energy system compared to similar hydrocarbon solutions; the hydrogen economy does not have the necessary foundation in terms of both physical infrastructure and market regulation mechanisms; the emergence of widely available hydrogen poses a danger for society due to its high combustibility. Following the results of the study, it was concluded that the existing pilot hydrogen projects are positive yet not scalable solutions for the power generation sector due to the lack of available technologies to construct large-scale and geographically distributed infrastructure and adequate international system of industry regulation. Thus, under current conditions, the risks of implementing such projects considerably exceed their potential ecological benefits.

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“…A possible part of a worldwide solution for the long-term and large-scale storage of renewable produced surplus electricity is the so-called "Hydrogen Economy" [2]. In such an economy, hydrogen (H 2 ) acts as an energy vector [3] which is synthesized with renewable produced surplus electricity mainly via water electrolysis [4,5]. Therefore, the development of highly efficient electrolyzers is needed to be cost-competitive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Co Oxidation State in Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ by Flame Spray Synthesis Towards High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity

et al. 2020

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The perovskite-type oxide Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) is known as a highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalyst composited out of non-noble metals. The possibility of using the scalable flame spray synthesis (FSS) technique for the production of BSCF nanoparticles intensified the interest in this material for a future application in an alkaline water electrolyzer. A possible scale-up would require the optimization of the synthesis parameters to maximize the production rate. To further understand the influence of the synthesis parameters of the tunable FSS on the OER activity of BSCF, a systematic study was carried out by producing BSCF with different total metal concentrations (CTM), flow rates of the precursor solution (FRPS) and of the dispersion gas (FRDG). This study reveals that all three parameters have a direct impact on the OER activity of BSCF—measured in a rotating disc electrode (RDE) setup—due to the controllability of the initial Co and Fe oxidation state—indicated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements—and with that also of the oxygen vacancy concentration in the as-synthesized BSCF. This controllability enables the optimization of the OER activity of BSCF and emphasizes the importance of having Co in a lower initial oxidation state for reaching a high electrocatalytic performance.

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Hydrogen as an energy vector

Cited by 672 publications

References 209 publications

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation

Barriers to implementation of hydrogen initiatives in the context of global energy sustainable development

Tuning the Co Oxidation State in Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ by Flame Spray Synthesis Towards High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity

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Hydrogen as an energy vector

Cited by 672 publications

References 209 publications

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO2 Hydrogenation

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO2 Hydrogenation

Barriers to implementation of hydrogen initiatives in the context of global energy sustainable development

Tuning the Co Oxidation State in Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ by Flame Spray Synthesis Towards High Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity

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Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation

Optimal Design Issues of a Methanol Synthesis Reactor from CO₂ Hydrogenation