Hydrogel Delivery System Containing Calendulae flos Lyophilized Extract with Chitosan as a Supporting Strategy for Wound Healing Applications

Abstract

<jats:p>Calendulae flos is a valued plant material with known anti-inflammatory and antimicrobiological properties. The limitation for its use in the treatment of chronic wounds is the lack of adhesion to the required site of action. Obtaining the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract from water-ethanolic extract allowed to prepare valuable material whose biological activity in the wound healing process was confirmed by a positive result of the scratch test. The Calendulae flos lyophilized extract was standardized for the contents of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. The significant potency of the Calendulae flos pharmacological activity has become the reason for studies on its novel applications in combination with the multifunctional chitosan carrier, to create a new, valuable solution in the treatment of chronic wounds. The use of chitosan as a carrier allowed for the controlled release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin. These substances, characterized by prolonged release from the chitosan delivery system, were identified as well permeable, based on the results of the studies of the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA Skin) a model simulating permeability through membrane skin. The combination of the Calendulae flos lyophilized extract and the chitosan allowed for synergy of action towards hyaluronidase inhibition and effective microbiological activity. Optimization of the hypromellose hydrogel preparation ensuring the required rheological properties necessary for the release of the chlorogenic acid and the narcissin from the chitosan delivery system, as well as demonstrated antimicrobial activity allows indicating formulations of 3% Calendulae flos lyophilized extract with chitosan 80/500 in weight ratio 1:1 and 2% or 3% hypromellose as an important support with high compliance of response and effectiveness for patients suffering from chronic wounds.</jats:p>

Development and Evaluation of Hydrogel Wound Dressings Loaded with Herbal Extracts

“…Recently, Chanaj-Kaczmarek et al proposed a formulation of 3% Calendulae flos lyophilized extracts (obtained from water-ethanolic extract) with chitosan (known as a natural biopolymer with antimicrobial activity used for wound healing). Their combination (in weight ratio 1:1) implies a synergy of action towards hyaluronidase inhibition and microbiological activity [29]. Furthermore, a formulation with Achillea millefolium extract was reported by Andleeb et al The new formulation proposed the encapsulation of an ethanolic plant extract in nanoethosomal vesicles, followed by its incorporation in a carbopol based gel.…”

Development and Optimization of Chitosan-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose In Situ Gelling Systems for Ophthalmic Delivery of Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

“…A high concentration of polymers causes the formation of a polymer network resistant to the action of the release medium (phosphate buffer solution pH: 7.4), thus reducing the amount of bupivacaine hydrochloride released. Compared with the previously mentioned statements, Chanaj-Kaczmarek et al stated that the addition of chitosan decreases the permeability of the polymer network [49].…”

(+)-Usnic Acid as a Promising Candidate for a Safe and Stable Topical Photoprotective Agent

“…The skin-PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay) method was used, as described previously [ 35 ], to determine the permeability of the tested usnic acid enantiomers. The model consists of a two-chamber PAMPA sandwich, with 96 wells each.…”