Hydraulic and biological characterization of a large Kaplan turbine

Martinez, Jayson J.; Deng, Zhiqun; Titzler, P. Scott; Duncan, James L.; Lu, Jun; Mueller, Robert P.; Tian, Chan; Trumbo, Bradly A.; Ahmann, Martin L.; Renholds, Jon F.

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.034

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The risk and severity of injury is also dependent on turbine type, design, and operations, which makes it difficult to apply inferences from one facility to another. Two of the most common turbine types are Francis and propeller type turbines (e.g., Kaplan) [7], with higher rates of mortality observed in Francis compared to propeller turbines [8,9]. Blade leading edge thickness and strike velocity are two important turbine blade characteristics; maximum runner velocity data are generally available, but blade thickness descriptions are more difficult to obtain as they are often considered proprietary by turbine manufacturers [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within and Among Fish Species Differences in Simulated Turbine Blade Strike Mortality: Limits on the Use of Surrogacy for Untested Species

Saylor

Sterling

Bevelhimer

et al. 2020

Water

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Use of surrogacy remains a useful method for prioritizing research on representatives of at-risk groups of fishes, yet quantifiable evidence in support of its use is generally not available. Blade strike impact represents one of the most traumatic stressors experienced by fish during non-volitional movements through hydropower turbines. Here, we use data generated from laboratory trials on blade strike impact experiments to directly test use of surrogacy for salmonid and clupeid fishes. Results of logistic regression indicated that a -taxonomic (genus) variable was not a significant predictor of mortality among large rainbow trout and brook trout. Similar results were found for young-of-the-year shad species, but genus-level taxonomy was a significant predictor of mortality while species was not. Multivariate analysis of morphometric data showed that shad clustered together based on similarities in fish shape which was also closely associated with genus. Logistic regression including size as a major covariate suggested total fish length was not a significant predictor of mortality, yet dose–response data suggest differential susceptibility to lower strike velocities. We suggest that use of surrogacy among species is justifiable but should be avoided within a species since the effects of size remain unclear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Within and Among Fish Species Differences in Simulated Turbine Blade Strike Mortality: Limits on the Use of Surrogacy for Untested Species

Saylor

Sterling

Bevelhimer

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Additionally, Sensor Fish were released [43] with live fish to capture pressure changes and acceleration data throughout the Unit 2 water passageway to validate biological design criteria.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hydropower Case Study Collection: Innovative Low Head and Ecologically Improved Turbines, Hydropower in Existing Infrastructures, Hydropeaking Reduction, Digitalization and Governing Systems

Quaranta

Bonjean²,

Cuvato³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Hydropower remains a key renewable energy source in the pursuit of the decarbonization of the economy, although the relatively high potential impact of the hydro-morphological alterations it may cause poses significant concerns for aquatic ecosystems. In the last years, new technologies and practices have been increasingly adopted to minimize the impacts of hydropower plants, while improving efficiency and flexibility of energy generation. The overall effect of these innovations may be a more sustainable design and operation of hydropower, striking a better balance between the objectives of decarbonization and ecosystem protection. This contribution presents and discusses a few representative examples of hydropower installations from companies in Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium and the USA, where solutions have been adopted in this direction. The case studies cover (1) ecologically improved and low head hydropower converters (Vortex turbine, Hydrostatic Pressure Machine, VLH and Girard-optimized turbines, hydrokinetic turbines), hydropeaking reduction (2) new control systems, governors and digitalization, (3) hydropower as a strategy for local sustainable development and (4) energy recovery in existing hydraulic infrastructures and aqueducts. It was found that better-governing systems can extend the life span of runners, for example avoiding the runner uplift during a trip. Digitalization can improve efficiency by 1.2%. New sustainable practices and turbines with better ecological behavior can minimize environmental impacts, like the reduction of fish mortality, improvement of fish habitat availability, reduction of oil for lubrication purposes and generation of economic incomes for local development. The use of existing structures reduces the total installation cost: examples are the total saving of 277 €/kW by reusing irrigation pipes and reservoirs, or the reduction of the investment period from 9 years to 6 years by turbining the environmental flow. Innovative low head hydropower converters can exhibit good ecological behavior, with reduced costs (<5000 €/kW) especially when installed in existing weirs. Results are discussed, contextualized and generalized to provide engineering data and tools to support future realizations of similar case studies; normalized costs, efficiency improvement, best practices and new technologies are discussed.

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“…The effect of hydraulic instabilities on increasing the service life of Francis and Kaplan turbines was determined [143]. Caishui built a mathematical model to study the distribution of pressure within the flow behavior in the powerhouse of a powerhouse station [176]. The pressure and velocity distribution pattern were determined under three operating conditions: one-unit load, two-unit load, and full-load rejection applying CFD.…”

Section: Kaplan Turbine Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many studies, Kaplan turbines are used as a reference for the hydraulic characteristics of the other considered turbines. A sensor fish at the Ice Harbor dam was used [176] to characterize the hydraulics at various conditions. This critical understanding of the performance level of the Kaplan turbine can help to advance design and operational improvement.…”

Section: Kaplan Turbine Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various designs have been proposed to enhance the hydro-turbine efficiency, which have been tested via numerical simulations [146,163,168,177,178,[195][196][197][201][202][203]. Vibration due to powerhouse operation has been analyzed by several researchers [151,176,[201][202][203]205,206,208,209,226]; however, more comprehensive studies should be completed to connect the effect of vibration from turbines operation with design on the dam body, to assure dam safety.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Assessment and Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State-of-the Art-Powerhouse, Dam Structure, and Turbine Operation and Vibrations

Yaseen‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Ameen

Aldlemy

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Dam and powerhouse operation sustainability is a major concern from the hydraulic engineering perspective. Powerhouse operation is one of the main sources of vibrations in the dam structure and hydropower plant; thus, the evaluation of turbine performance at different water pressures is important for determining the sustainability of the dam body. Draft tube turbines run under high pressure and suffer from connection problems, such as vibrations and pressure fluctuation. Reducing the pressure fluctuation and minimizing the principal stress caused by undesired components of water in the draft tube turbine are ongoing problems that must be resolved. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of studies performed on dams, powerhouses, and turbine vibration, focusing on the vibration of two turbine units: Kaplan and Francis turbine units. The survey covered several aspects of dam types (e.g., rock and concrete dams), powerhouse analysis, turbine vibrations, and the relationship between dam and hydropower plant sustainability and operation. The current review covers the related research on the fluid mechanism in turbine units of hydropower plants, providing a perspective on better control of vibrations. Thus, the risks and failures can be better managed and reduced, which in turn will reduce hydropower plant operation costs and simultaneously increase the economical sustainability. Several research gaps were found, and the literature was assessed to provide more insightful details on the studies surveyed. Numerous future research directions are recommended.

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Hydraulic and biological characterization of a large Kaplan turbine

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Within and Among Fish Species Differences in Simulated Turbine Blade Strike Mortality: Limits on the Use of Surrogacy for Untested Species

Within and Among Fish Species Differences in Simulated Turbine Blade Strike Mortality: Limits on the Use of Surrogacy for Untested Species

Hydropower Case Study Collection: Innovative Low Head and Ecologically Improved Turbines, Hydropower in Existing Infrastructures, Hydropeaking Reduction, Digitalization and Governing Systems

State-of-the Art-Powerhouse, Dam Structure, and Turbine Operation and Vibrations

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