Hybrid Photovoltaic-thermal Systems in Buildings – A Review

Abstract

This paper presents a review of projects where hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems are used in buildings. PV/T systems convert solar radiation to electricity and heat simultaneously, in one module. The output of both electricity and heat suggests that the technology can be suited for use in buildings, especially when the available area for installation is limited. The market and research activities related to PV/T technology has increased in recent years. This article adds to existing reviews on PV/T technology by focusing on the building perspective. Different strategies for the use of PV/T in buildings are discussed, and examples of building projects are presented. An attempt is also made to assess to suitability of different PV/T technologies for use in buildings. Finally, the regional variations in market and applications are discussed.

Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Combined Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal Panel and Heat Pump Hybrid System

“…This can be interpreted as per Equations (1) and (2), where the higher the solar radiation, the higher the energy absorbed by the PV cell, and consequently, the higher the temperature of the cell until it reaches the design temperature. The effects of the PV panel operating temperature on the output efficiency have been well documented in the literature [21,22], where increasing the temperature of the PV cell decreases the amount of power available. In order to evaluate the efficiency of a PV system, the temporal temperature variations are often regarded as instantaneous in steady state models.…”

“…In the following the steady state energy balance equations of the water source heat pump are presented as in [23], and [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

“…It is well known that the cell temperature impacts the PV output current, performance and its time-variation can be determined from [18][19][20][21][22]. The AC power of the inverter output P(t) is calculated using the inverter efficiency η inv , output voltage between phases, neutral V f n , and for single-phase current I o and cosϕ as follows:…”

Modelling and Simulation of PV Solar-Thermoelectric Generators Using Nano Fluids

“…The dynamic current output can be obtained as follows (Faragali et al, 2008;Pei et al, 2011;Good et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2015;Sami and Marin, 2017;Sami and Marin, 2017;Sami and Rivera, 2017;Sami and Campoverde, 2018). The PV cell temperature, Tc, in Equation 1 is influenced by various factors such as solar radiations, ambient conditions, and wind speed.…”

“…The most advanced and efficient solar cells are being developed, however, they are not yet available to the general public. To improve the efficiency of photovoltaics" (PV), references (Faragali et al, 2008;Pei et al, 2011;Good et al, 2015;Liang et al, 2015;Sami and Marin, 2017;Sami and Marin, 2017;Sami and Rivera, 2017;Sami and Campoverde, 2018;Sami and Marin, 2018) developed and implemented novel concepts of combined photovoltaicthermal solar panel.…”