Hybrid and full-digital beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO systems: A comparison considering low-resolution ADCs

Zhang, Wence; Xia, Xiaoxuan; Fu, Yinkai; Bao, Xu

doi:10.23919/jcc.2019.06.008

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the antenna array is able to handle multiple data streams and form multiple directed beams at the same time [26]. As a result, this architecture is able to serve multiple users in a highly efficient manner, but it requires more hardware and power consumption [27], [28].…”

Section: B Impact Of Mimo Architecture In Codebook-based Beamforming ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Codebook Designs for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems in Both Low- and High-Mobility: Achievements and Challenges

Mabrouki

Dayoub

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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More connectivity, higher data rates, more reliability, massive network capacity, higher performance and fewer delays are required in the fifth generation (5G) of cellular networks. The last ten years have contained explosive growth in mobile data traffic due to the rapid proliferation of Internetconnected smart devices. For 5G mobile and wireless networks, one of the challenges is to discover how to solve the dilemma between capacity requirements and spectrum shortage. Millimeter-wave communication is therefore a key enabler for 5G technologies. Due to the high path and penetration losses at millimeter wavelengths, antenna beamforming assumes a pivotal role in establishing and maintaining a robust communication link. Recently, codebook-based beamforming has been proposed to achieve a fair balance between complexity and performance and to eliminate the overheads. In this paper, we track the techniques of codebook-based beamforming for millimeter-wave communications in the context of the distinct requirements for low-mobility channel and high-mobility channel scenarios. Subsequently, we will provide a comparison of existing codebook-based beamforming techniques in terms of their respective benefits and shortcomings. Finally, some open directions of research are discussed, and challenges that need to be met are pointed out.

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Section: B Impact Of Mimo Architecture In Codebook-based Beamforming ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Codebook Designs for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems in Both Low- and High-Mobility: Achievements and Challenges

Mabrouki

Dayoub

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…Explicitly. they show that a 4-bit or higher resolution DACs combined with an order-1 Butterworth filter safely meet the adjacent-carrier-to-leakage-ratio requirements TABLE I: Contributions on finite-resolution fully-digital beamforming this paper [9], [17]- [21] Performance/beamforming analysis Multi-user beamforming design Closed-form expressions based efficient optimization solution at the transmitter, as it eliminates the spectral images and also attenuates the out-of-band quantization noise below the specified limit. They also provided the justification for using the AQNM model by showing that it accurately predicts the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) degradation due to finite quantizer resolution, particularly if at least 4-bit resolution is used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recent studies show that the power consumption of the fully digital beamforming architectures can be mitigated by using low-resolution ADCs/DACs [9], [16]- [21]. Quantitatively, it has been shown that low-resolution ADCs/DACs (having 4 bits or less) may in fact succeed in making fully digital beamforming more power efficient than its analog or hybrid beamforming counterpart in wide-band mmWave channels [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-Resolution Digital Beamforming for Multi-User Millimeter-Wave Networks

Nasir

Tuan

Dutkiewicz

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Recent studies have shown that low-resolution analog-to-digital-converters and digital-to-analog-converters (ADCs and DACs) can make fully-digital beamforming more power efficient than its analog or hybrid beamforming counterpart over wide-band millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels. Inspired by this, we propose a computationally efficient fully-digital beamformer relying on low-resolution ADCs/DACs for multi-user mmWave communication networks. Both a generalized (unstructured) beamformer (GB) and a structured zero-forcing beamformer (ZFB) are proposed. For maintaining fairness among all users in the network, specifically tailored objective functions are considered under sumpower constraints, namely that of maximizing the geometric mean (GM) of users' rate and their max-min rate. These computationally challenging beamforming design problems are tackled by developing computationally efficient steep ascent algorithms, which have the radical benefit of relying on a closed-form solution at each iteration. Moreover, to facilitate the employment of low-cost amplifiers at each antenna, the GB design problem subject to the equal-gain transmission constraint is considered, which assigns equal transmit power to each transmit antenna. The proposed algorithms promise a user-rate distribution having a reduced deviation among the user-rates, i.e., improved rate-fairness. Our extensive simulation results show an approximately upto 45% reduction for the GM-rate of a 2-bit ADC (4-bin quantization) compared to the ∞-resolution ADC.

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“…This, in turn, results in less interference and increases the spectral efficiency when using spatial multiplexing. This further helps to achieve important power savings [11].…”

Section: From Mu-mimo To Massive Mimomentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive MIMO Systems for 5G Communications

Khwandah

Cosmas

Lazaridis

et al. 2021

Wireless Pers Commun

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Massive MIMO will improve the performance of future 5G systems in terms of data rate and spectral efficiency, while accommodating a large number of users. Furthermore, it allows for 3D beamforming in order to provide more degrees of freedom and increase the number of high-throughput users. Massive MIMO is expected to provide more advantages compared to other solutions in terms of energy and spectral efficiency. This will be achieved by focusing the radiation towards the direction of the intended users, thus implementing simultaneous transmission to many users while keeping interference low. It can boost the capacity compared to a conventional antenna solution, resulting in a spectral efficiency up to 50 times greater than that provided by actual 4G technology. However, to take full advantage of this technology and to overcome the challenges of implementation in a real environment, a complicated radio system is required. The purpose of this work is to present the MIMO technology evolution and challenges in a simple introductory way and investigate potential system enhancements.

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Hybrid and full-digital beamforming in mmWave Massive MIMO systems: A comparison considering low-resolution ADCs

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Codebook Designs for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems in Both Low- and High-Mobility: Achievements and Challenges

Codebook Designs for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems in Both Low- and High-Mobility: Achievements and Challenges

Finite-Resolution Digital Beamforming for Multi-User Millimeter-Wave Networks

Massive MIMO Systems for 5G Communications

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