Husking Stations Provide Insight into Diet of Nonnative Rodents on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i<sup />

Hays, Brandon R.; Sperry, Jinelle H.; Drake, Donald R.; Hruska, Amy M.

doi:10.2984/72.3.5

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…rodents, pigs) are primarily seed predators, although they may play a small role in dispersing mostly non‐native plants (Pratt et al., 2009; Shiels & Drake, 2011). For instance, rodents often depredate seeds while feeding or move seeds to husking stations where they fail to germinate (Hays, Sperry, Drake, & Hruska, 2018; Shiels & Drake, 2011). Furthermore, non‐native mammals are actively excluded and/or removed from conservation areas by land managers across the archipelago (Pratt et al., 2009); this reduces any role they play in seed dispersal of native plant species.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands

Case

Tarwater

2020

Functional Ecology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands

Case

Tarwater

2020

Functional Ecology

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“…and Lophura leucomelanos), they also act as seed predators limiting their contribution to the seed dispersal networks on O'ahu (Rattus spp. : Shiels and Drake 2011;Pender et al 2013;Hays et al 2018;game birds: Lewin and Lewin 1984, S. Case et al unpubl. data).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid morphological change of nonnative frugivores on the Hawaiian island of O'ahu*

Gleditsch

Sperry

2019

Evolution

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Novel ecosystems have become widespread created, in part, by the global spread of species. The nonnative species in these environments can be under intense evolutionary pressures that cause rapid morphological change, which can then influence species interactions. In Hawaii, much of the native frugivore community is extinct, replaced by nonnative bird species. Here, we determined if the passerine species of the nonnative frugivore community on O'ahu have morphologically diverged from their native ranges. We compared a variety of traits, all important for frugivory, between museum specimens from the species’ native ranges to wild individuals from O'ahu. All four species tested exhibited significant divergence ranging in magnitude from 2.3% to 13.0% difference in at least two traits. Using a method developed from quantitative genetics, we found evidence that a mixture of nonadaptive and adaptive processes worked in concert to create the observed patterns of divergence. Our results suggest that rapid morphological change is occurring and, based on the traits measured, that these changes may influence seed dispersal effectiveness. As these species are largely responsible for seed dispersal on the island, the rapid morphological change of these species can influence the stability and maintenance of plant communities on O'ahu.

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“…For example in the Pacific island floras, the seeds of widespread species such as Elaeocarpus spp., Cocos nucifera, Pritchardia spp., Terminalia spp., Aleurites moluccana, Cordia subcordata, and Pandanus tectorius commonly show distinct signs of rat predation (see Fig. 4; McConkey et al 2003;Hunt 2007;Prebble & Wilmshurst 2009;Hays et al 2018). Many of these species are extensively cultivated, making them easy to find and perfect to use as a monitoring tool for rodent presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent detection and monitoring for conservation on islands: gnawed seeds provide reliable indicator of rodent presence

Wilmshurst¹,

Carpenter²

2020

NZJE

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Invasive rodents pose one of the biggest threats to island ecosystems globally. Reliable methods for detecting and monitoring rodent presence are essential for the effective conservation management of islands, but many detection devices fail to attract rodents when natural resources are abundant. Using a toolbox of detection methods is therefore key to detecting rodents as individual rodents vary in their susceptibility to detection devices. Rodents are well-established seed predators, and the distinct gnaw marks they create and leave on woody seedcases potentially add another method to the rat detection toolbox on islands where seeds are sufficiently large to preserve teeth marks. We tested the reliability of rodent-gnawed miro (Prumnopitys ferruginea) seeds as an indicator of rodent presence on fifteen islands and one mainland site in southern New Zealand. Seeds were collected from beneath one miro canopy at each site and examined for characteristic gnaw marks. Presence or absence of gnaw marks was compared with records of rodent presence obtained using traditional methods including tracking tunnels, kill traps, and/or rodent detection dogs. Measurements of bite marks on seeds suggested that mice create smaller bite marks on seeds than rats, allowing discrimination between the taxa. Gnawed seeds had a slightly lower probability of detecting rats than traditional methods (rats detected at 5/6 sites where they had been previously recorded using other methods), and a higher probability of detecting mice where they existed (mice detected at 7/8 islands where they existed, vs 5 for other methods). These results suggest that gnawed seeds can complement other rodent detection devices to increase the probability of detection. The method could be used to detect rodent presence on other island groups globally, e.g. using opened coconuts in the field as a kind of natural waxtag or 'cocotag'.

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Husking Stations Provide Insight into Diet of Nonnative Rodents on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands

Functional traits of avian frugivores have shifted following species extinction and introduction in the Hawaiian Islands

Rapid morphological change of nonnative frugivores on the Hawaiian island of O'ahu*

Rodent detection and monitoring for conservation on islands: gnawed seeds provide reliable indicator of rodent presence

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