Hungarian population norms for the 15D generic preference-accompanied health status measure

Abstract

Objectives 15D is a generic preference-accompanied health status measure covering a wide range of health areas, including sensory functions. The aim of this study was to establish population norms for the 15D instrument in Hungary. Methods 2000 members of the Hungarian adult general population participated in an online cross-sectional survey in August 2021. The sample was broadly representative in terms of gender, age groups, highest level of education, geographical region, and settlement type. Index values were derived using the Norwegian 15D value set. In addition to providing population norms, mean index values were computed for 32 physical and 24 mental health condition groups. Results Most respondents (78.7%) reported problems in at least one 15D domain. The most problems were reported with sleeping (50.7%), followed by vitality (49.2%), distress (43.6%), discomfort and symptoms (31.2%), depression (31.1%), sexual activities (29.6%), breathing (28.1%), and vision (27.8%). The mean 15D index value was 0.810. With advancing age categories, the 15D index values showed an inverse U-shaped curve. Generally, mean index values in respondents with mental health conditions were lower [range 0.299 (post-traumatic stress disorder) to 0.757 (smoking addiction)] than those of respondents with physical conditions [range 0.557 (liver cirrhosis) to 0.764 (allergies)]. Conclusions This study provided 15D population norms of the Hungarian general population; furthermore, this is the first study to provide population norms for the 15D in any country. The values established in this study can serve as benchmarks for evaluating efficacy outcomes in clinical trials, quantifying disease burden and identifying unmet needs.

Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D in Hungary

“…face-to-face interview versus online panel) and the different value sets. It is also worthwhile to briefly compare our results with the recently published Hungarian population norm of the 15D generic PAM [ 31 ]. Although the data collection of the current study took place a year earlier, both studies used an online panel.…”

“…In summary, this study has developed Hungarian reference values for the EQ-5D-5L, PROPr and SF-6D measures, contributing to a better understanding of the health status of the population. Furthermore, as a result of the present study, there are currently population norms for overall five PAMs in Hungary (the EQ-5D-3L, the EQ-5D-5L, the 15D, PROPr and the SF-6D) [ 30 , 31 ]. Across the three measures, the most problems were reported on the SF-6D, followed by PROPr and the EQ-5D-5L.…”

“…Additionally, they can be used to assess the population’s unmet needs and to identify changes in general health status over time and across countries. Currently, Hungarian population norms exist for utility values of the EQ-5D-3L [ 30 ] and 15D generic PAMs [ 31 ], as well as for summary scores or T-scores of the SF-36 [ 32 ] and two PROMIS generic health status measures (PROMIS-29+2 and PROMIS Global Health) [ 27 , 33 ]. The EQ-5D-5L has population reference values established in more than 30 countries [ 34 ].…”