2017
DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100297
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Abstract: Botulism is a fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which are mainly produced by Clostridium botulinum and characterized by flaccid paralysis. The BoNTs C and D are the main serotypes responsible for botulism in animals, including buffaloes. Botulism is one of the leading causes of death in adult ruminants in Brazil due to the high mortality rates, even though botulism in buffaloes is poorly reported and does not reflect the real economic impact of this disease in Brazilian herds. Vaccina… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(14 citation statements)
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“…Animals that were immunized with 200 µg per dose, produced up to 8 and 10 IU/mL of anti-BoNTs C and D, respectively, with 100% (8/8) seroconversion rate at day 56 post-vaccination. Furthermore, Otaka et al [ 13 ] used the same strategy and dose to immunize buffaloes, obtaining 6.1 and 6.2 IU/mL of antitoxins against BoNTs C and D, respectively, in agreement with the requirements of MAPA’s normative instruction n. 23.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 72%
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“…Animals that were immunized with 200 µg per dose, produced up to 8 and 10 IU/mL of anti-BoNTs C and D, respectively, with 100% (8/8) seroconversion rate at day 56 post-vaccination. Furthermore, Otaka et al [ 13 ] used the same strategy and dose to immunize buffaloes, obtaining 6.1 and 6.2 IU/mL of antitoxins against BoNTs C and D, respectively, in agreement with the requirements of MAPA’s normative instruction n. 23.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…Neutralizing antibody titers were shown to be dependent on the dose of H C BoNT/C and D used in the vaccine. It was possible to establish a linear positive correlation between antigen amount per vaccine dose and neutralizing antibody titers for both BoNT serotypes C and D (r C 2 = 0.823 and r D 2 = 0.866) similar to correlation observed in buffaloes vaccinated with same recombinant vaccine (r C 2 = 0.897 and r D 2 = 0.920) [ 13 ]. These analyses show that at least 167 µg of H C BoNT/C and 108 µg of H C BoNT/D are required to induce a protective immune response in cattle, surpassing the minimum required by MAPA; likewise, 180 µg of H C BoNT/C and 105 µg of H C BoNT/D are necessary to achieve the same standards when vaccinating buffaloes [ 13 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 81%
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“…On day 56 after the first vaccine dose, moment in which the vaccine efficiency is evaluated, through the potency test in the target species according to the literature (Moreira et al 2016, 2018, Otaka et al 2017, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture. After clot formation, centrifugation was performed at 3000g for 5 minutes to obtain serum, which was stored at -20°C until further use.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nicola Bak, Dorothea Sesardic, and their team from the United Kingdom, reported on the application of SiMa cells for cell-based neutralization test for BoNT/A and BoNT/E [14]. On the vaccine development side, Robert P. Webb, Theresa J. Smith, and their team from USAMRIID, reported on the production of non-toxic holoproteins and recombinant BoNT toxin domain subunits as vaccine candidates against multiple serotypes [15], Denis Y. Otaka, Felipe M. Salvarani, and their team from Brazil, reported on the humoral response of buffalos to a recombinant vaccine against BoNT/C and D [16]. Finally, Hyun Jung Chang, Bo Young Hong, Jeong-Yi Kwon, and their teams from South Korea, report results from a clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of Botulax for the treatment of dynamic equinus foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy [17].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%