Humoral immunotoxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, phenoxyphenols, dioxins and furans present as contaminants of technical grade pentachlorophenol

Immunological Effects of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins

“…Two lines of evidence support this conclusion: comparative studies using PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners show that potency to cause immune suppression correlates with the binding affinity for the AhR (25)(26)(27)(28)(29); and studies using mice with a defined Ah genotype show that mice with high affinity AhR (e.g., Ahbb C57BI/6 mice) are more sensitive to immune suppression by these compounds than mice with lower affinity AhR (e.g., Ahdd DBA/2 mice or Ahdd congenic C57BI/6 mice) (8,25,26,29). AhR-dependent responses include suppression of the T-cell-dependent antibody response to SRBC (8,(25)(26)(27)(28)30,31), suppression of the T-cell-independent antibody response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (8), suppression of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to allogeneic tumor cells (29,32) bone marrow toxicity (33), and suppression of the cytotoxic responses of activated neutrophils (34 however, the specific cellular defects induced by TCDD have not been fully elucidated despite considerable research. One of the problems has been a difficulty in demonstrating direct effects of TCDD on in vitro responses of lymphoid cells (35,36).…”

Immunological Effects of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins

“…Two lines of evidence support this conclusion: comparative studies using PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners show that potency to cause immune suppression correlates with the binding affinity for the AhR (25)(26)(27)(28)(29); and studies using mice with a defined Ah genotype show that mice with high affinity AhR (e.g., Ahbb C57BI/6 mice) are more sensitive to immune suppression by these compounds than mice with lower affinity AhR (e.g., Ahdd DBA/2 mice or Ahdd congenic C57BI/6 mice) (8,25,26,29). AhR-dependent responses include suppression of the T-cell-dependent antibody response to SRBC (8,(25)(26)(27)(28)30,31), suppression of the T-cell-independent antibody response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (8), suppression of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to allogeneic tumor cells (29,32) bone marrow toxicity (33), and suppression of the cytotoxic responses of activated neutrophils (34 however, the specific cellular defects induced by TCDD have not been fully elucidated despite considerable research. One of the problems has been a difficulty in demonstrating direct effects of TCDD on in vitro responses of lymphoid cells (35,36).…”

Early life-stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase‐inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical‐grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2′,3,4,4′,6,6′‐heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”

Early Life-Stage Mortalities of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Exposed to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase-inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical-grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2Ј,3,4,4Ј,6,6Ј-heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”

Immunological Effects of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins

“…Two lines of evidence support this conclusion: comparative studies using PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners show that potency to cause immune suppression correlates with the binding affinity for the AhR (25)(26)(27)(28)(29); and studies using mice with a defined Ah genotype show that mice with high affinity AhR (e.g., Ahbb C57BI/6 mice) are more sensitive to immune suppression by these compounds than mice with lower affinity AhR (e.g., Ahdd DBA/2 mice or Ahdd congenic C57BI/6 mice) (8,25,26,29). AhR-dependent responses include suppression of the T-cell-dependent antibody response to SRBC (8,(25)(26)(27)(28)30,31), suppression of the T-cell-independent antibody response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (8), suppression of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to allogeneic tumor cells (29,32) bone marrow toxicity (33), and suppression of the cytotoxic responses of activated neutrophils (34 however, the specific cellular defects induced by TCDD have not been fully elucidated despite considerable research. One of the problems has been a difficulty in demonstrating direct effects of TCDD on in vitro responses of lymphoid cells (35,36).…”

Early life-stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase‐inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical‐grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2′,3,4,4′,6,6′‐heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”

Early Life-Stage Mortalities of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Exposed to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase-inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical-grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2Ј,3,4,4Ј,6,6Ј-heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”

Immunological Effects of Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins

“…Two lines of evidence support this conclusion: comparative studies using PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners show that potency to cause immune suppression correlates with the binding affinity for the AhR (25)(26)(27)(28)(29); and studies using mice with a defined Ah genotype show that mice with high affinity AhR (e.g., Ahbb C57BI/6 mice) are more sensitive to immune suppression by these compounds than mice with lower affinity AhR (e.g., Ahdd DBA/2 mice or Ahdd congenic C57BI/6 mice) (8,25,26,29). AhR-dependent responses include suppression of the T-cell-dependent antibody response to SRBC (8,(25)(26)(27)(28)30,31), suppression of the T-cell-independent antibody response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (8), suppression of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to allogeneic tumor cells (29,32) bone marrow toxicity (33), and suppression of the cytotoxic responses of activated neutrophils (34 however, the specific cellular defects induced by TCDD have not been fully elucidated despite considerable research. One of the problems has been a difficulty in demonstrating direct effects of TCDD on in vitro responses of lymphoid cells (35,36).…”

Early life-stage mortalities of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to polychlorinated diphenyl ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase‐inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical‐grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2′,3,4,4′,6,6′‐heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”

Early Life-Stage Mortalities of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias Latipes) Exposed to Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers

“…Several PCDEs were reported as immunosuppressive in mice, and the immunotoxic potency of these compounds appeared to be correlated with monoxygenase-inducing potency [18,19]. However, Kerkvleit et al [36] reported that a mixture of PCDEs isolated from technical-grade pentachlorophenol was not immunosuppressive to mice at any of the doses tested. Chu et al [37] fed ppm concentrations of PCDE congeners 99, 153, and 184 (2,2Ј,3,4,4Ј,6,6Ј-heptaCDE) to rats and noted increased liver weights, elevated EROD activity, and morphological alterations to liver and thyroid in all treatments with these compounds.…”