Humoral and Cellular Immunologic Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Patient With Behcet Encephalitis

Parkinsonian Syndrome as a Neurological Manifestation of Behcet's Disease

“…7 Although there are no specific laboratory investigations, an elevated sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and/or C9 levels have been reported. 19 Elevated cerebro-spinal fluid IgM, IgG and IgA, and C3 and C4 concentrations have been reported, 20 although in our case they were normal. Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies to mucosal tissue and a decreased proportion of helper/inducer T4 lymphocytes have also been reported.…”

Parkinsonian Syndrome as a Neurological Manifestation of Behcet's Disease

“…7 Although there are no specific laboratory investigations, an elevated sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and/or C9 levels have been reported. 19 Elevated cerebro-spinal fluid IgM, IgG and IgA, and C3 and C4 concentrations have been reported, 20 although in our case they were normal. Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies to mucosal tissue and a decreased proportion of helper/inducer T4 lymphocytes have also been reported.…”

Neuro-Behçet’s disease: an update of clinical diagnosis, biomarkers, and immunopathogenesis

“…The emergence of enhanced complement 3 (C3) and C4 levels in the CSF of NBD [ 83 ], as well as higher C3 conversion products in NBD CSF, has marked complement activation and consumption [ 83 ], promoting neuroinflammation. More specifically, from a case study of one NBD patient with acute encephalitis [ 84 ], the authors claimed a simultaneous intrathecal production of IgM (IgM index), C3 (C3 index), and CSF immune complexes, as well as increased CSF CD8 + T cell percentage. Considering the previous appearance of IgM serum antibodies to the glycolipids GM and GA1 in NBD, it is reasonable to believe that CSF immune complexes composed of CNS-specific antigens and IgM autoantibodies have the potential to enhance antigen-specific cellular responses, such as CSF CD8 + T cells [ 85 ], downstream of Breg activity, thus promoting intrathecal Ig synthesis.…”

Parkinsonian Syndrome as a Neurological Manifestation of Behcet's Disease

“…7 Although there are no specific laboratory investigations, an elevated sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and/or C9 levels have been reported. 19 Elevated cerebro-spinal fluid IgM, IgG and IgA, and C3 and C4 concentrations have been reported, 20 although in our case they were normal. Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies to mucosal tissue and a decreased proportion of helper/inducer T4 lymphocytes have also been reported.…”

Neuro-Behçet’s disease: an update of clinical diagnosis, biomarkers, and immunopathogenesis

“…The emergence of enhanced complement 3 (C3) and C4 levels in the CSF of NBD [ 83 ], as well as higher C3 conversion products in NBD CSF, has marked complement activation and consumption [ 83 ], promoting neuroinflammation. More specifically, from a case study of one NBD patient with acute encephalitis [ 84 ], the authors claimed a simultaneous intrathecal production of IgM (IgM index), C3 (C3 index), and CSF immune complexes, as well as increased CSF CD8 + T cell percentage. Considering the previous appearance of IgM serum antibodies to the glycolipids GM and GA1 in NBD, it is reasonable to believe that CSF immune complexes composed of CNS-specific antigens and IgM autoantibodies have the potential to enhance antigen-specific cellular responses, such as CSF CD8 + T cells [ 85 ], downstream of Breg activity, thus promoting intrathecal Ig synthesis.…”

Parkinsonian Syndrome as a Neurological Manifestation of Behcet's Disease

“…7 Although there are no specific laboratory investigations, an elevated sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and serum IgA, IgG, IgM, and/or C9 levels have been reported. 19 Elevated cerebro-spinal fluid IgM, IgG and IgA, and C3 and C4 concentrations have been reported, 20 although in our case they were normal. Circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies to mucosal tissue and a decreased proportion of helper/inducer T4 lymphocytes have also been reported.…”

Neuro-Behçet’s disease: an update of clinical diagnosis, biomarkers, and immunopathogenesis

“…The emergence of enhanced complement 3 (C3) and C4 levels in the CSF of NBD [ 83 ], as well as higher C3 conversion products in NBD CSF, has marked complement activation and consumption [ 83 ], promoting neuroinflammation. More specifically, from a case study of one NBD patient with acute encephalitis [ 84 ], the authors claimed a simultaneous intrathecal production of IgM (IgM index), C3 (C3 index), and CSF immune complexes, as well as increased CSF CD8 + T cell percentage. Considering the previous appearance of IgM serum antibodies to the glycolipids GM and GA1 in NBD, it is reasonable to believe that CSF immune complexes composed of CNS-specific antigens and IgM autoantibodies have the potential to enhance antigen-specific cellular responses, such as CSF CD8 + T cells [ 85 ], downstream of Breg activity, thus promoting intrathecal Ig synthesis.…”