Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil

Castro, Ludiele Souza; Rezende, Grazielli Rocha de; Fernandes, Fernanda Rodas Pires; Bandeira, Larissa Melo; Puga, Marco Antonio Moreira; Tanaka, Tayana Serpa Ortiz; Weis-Torres, Sabrina Moreira dos Santos; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo; Otsuki, Koko; Motta-Castro, Ana Rita Coimbra

doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2018.11.003

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A geographic gradient has been reported in blood donors with lower prevalence in the south and rising to the north 21,35 . In the state of Bahia, an endemic area in northeastern Brazil, high rates were observed in women and in people over 50 years 27 , as well as in men who have sex with men and illicit drug users 11,36 . In this study, the predominance of HTLV-1 observed in PWUDs and NIDUs can be considered an example of the endemicity of this viral type reported in numerous Brazilian studies, and especially in the state of Pará – an endemic area in northern Brazil 22,28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

Filho

Araújo

Souza

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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People who used illicit drugs (PWUDs) represent an important population group for acquisition and viral dispersion. In Brazil, high rates of the human T lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) have been reported in epidemiological studies. However, the epidemiological scenario of HTLV-1/2 infections in PWUDs is still poorly understood. Thus, this cross-sectional study determined the prevalence, frequency of subtypes and factors associated with HTLV-1/2 infections among PWUDs in the Brazilian state of Pará, an area considered endemic for this virus and with poor health services. Among 826 PWUDs, 53 (6.4%) presented anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies by EIA and 44 (5.3%) presented proviral DNA by PCR. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected in 25 (3.0%) and 19 (2.3%) PWUDs, respectively. Subtypes 1a (25/44), transcontinental (23/44) and Japanese subgroups (2/44), 2b (6/44) and 2c (13/44) were identified. Involvement in illicit/criminal activity, daily use of illicit drugs, illicit drug use over 12 years, unprotected sex with other PWUDs, changes in genitalia (including ulcers and wounds), and more than 12 sexual partners were associated with HTLV-1/2 in PWUDs. This high prevalence and intense circulation of subtypes and subgroups of HTLV-1/2 is very worrying, and indicate the need for urgent actions for its control, prevention and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

Filho

Araújo

Souza

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In urban Northern and Southern regions HTLV-1 prevailed over HTLV-2 [ 309 , 310 , 313 , 314 , 317 , 358 ]. The central region exhibited HTLV prevalence ranging from 0.02% to 1.6% [ 305 , 307 , 315 , 316 , 317 , 371 , 372 , 373 , 374 ], of which, for the Amazonian region, prevalence increased when indigenous villages were analyzed: 0.4–1.18% HTLV positivity in the city [ 375 , 376 , 377 , 378 ], whereas, in certain villages, the prevalence increased up to 13.88% [ 376 , 379 , 380 , 381 , 382 , 383 ]. In Argentina, most seroepidemiological studies were performed in the North and central regions, and an HTLV-1 endemic area was discovered in Jujuy, a North Western province.…”

Section: Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Chabay

Lens

Hassan

et al. 2020

Cancers

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The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are lymphomagenic viruses with region-specific induced morbidity. The RIAL-CYTED aims to increase the knowledge of lymphoma in Latin America (LA), and, as such, we systematically analyzed the literature to better understand our risk for virus-induced lymphoma. We observed that high endemicity regions for certain lymphomas, e.g., Mexico and Peru, have a high incidence of EBV-positive lymphomas of T/NK cell origin. Peru also carries the highest frequency of EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and EBV-positive diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (NOS), than any other LA country. Adult T cell lymphoma is endemic to the North of Brazil and Chile. While only few cases of KSHV-positive lymphomas were found, in spite of the close correlation of Kaposi sarcoma and the prevalence of pathogenic types of KSHV. Both EBV-associated HL and Burkitt lymphoma mainly affect young children, unlike in developed countries, in which adolescents and young adults are the most affected, correlating with an early EBV seroconversion for LA population despite of lack of infectious mononucleosis symptoms. High endemicity of KSHV and HTLV infection was observed among Amerindian populations, with differences between Amazonian and Andean populations.

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“…It is known that a greater number of sexual partners is a highrisk behavior factor for acquiring sexually transmitted infections, such as HTLV (Castro et al, 2018). However, the majority of the cross-sectional study population reported having had sexual intercourse with less than 10 people in the past 5 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1/2 Infection in Central Brazil Prisons: A Multicenter Study

et al. 2022

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Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection is endemic in some group populations. Prisoners are at high risk of acquiring HTLV infection mainly due to the environment of closed penal institutions, socioeconomic conditions, and risk behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, the occurrence of new cases of HTLV infection after a 1-year follow-up, and circulating subtypes of HTLV-1 among prisoners from twelve closed prisons in Mato Grosso do Sul state, Central Brazil. A total of 1,507 prisoners were randomly enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Out of the 1,507 participants, 1,000 prisoners, susceptible to HTLV infection, were included in the prospective cohort study. In the cross-sectional study, serological evidence of HTLV infection was 0.4% (CI 95%: 0.1-0.7), tested for anti-HTLV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three samples were positive for HTLV-1, two samples were positive for HTLV-2, and 1 sample was indeterminate by the Western blot method. The presence of HTLV proviral DNA was detected in all positive samples by amplification of the HTLV tax gene through nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that HTLV-1 samples belonged to the Cosmopolitan subtype Transcontinental subgroup. From a cohort of 1,000 individuals, no new case of HTLV infection was detected. Although the prevalence rate of HTLV infection found in this study was similar to that observed in the Brazilian general population, the lack of access to preventive interventions and harm reduction measures all contribute to increasing the risk of HTLV transmission and acquisition among this key and vulnerable population.

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Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection among men who have sex with men in Central Brazil

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among people who used illicit drugs in the state of Pará, northern Brazil

Lymphotropic Viruses EBV, KSHV and HTLV in Latin America: Epidemiology and Associated Malignancies. A Literature-Based Study by the RIAL-CYTED

Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1/2 Infection in Central Brazil Prisons: A Multicenter Study

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