Human saliva as a diagnostic material

Chojnowska, Sylwia; Baran, T; Wilińska, Iwona; Sienicka, Paulina; Cabaj-Wiater, Iwona; Knaś, Małgorzata

doi:10.1016/j.advms.2017.11.002

Cited by 102 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral homeostasis by aiding in taste perception and digestion, protecting and lubricating oral tissues, maintaining the integrity of tooth enamel and sustaining the oral microbiome (Dawes et al, 2015). In addition to its physiological roles, saliva contains a plethora of biomarkers and is easy to access allowing clinicians to utilize saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic material to monitor patient health (Chojnowska et al, 2018). Human saliva is increasingly being used to perform screening and risk assessment for systemic diseases, such as HIV, cancer, infections and cardiovascular disorders, demonstrating saliva's extensive clinical potential (Nunes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction

et al. 2020

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Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction

et al. 2020

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“…Despite these promising results with regard to the TAC values, the choice of a medium for oxidative stress assessment should be reconsidered. Although saliva was selected as its collection is simple, painless, repeatable, cheap, and secure, as well as it has fewer compliance problems with elderly and disabled patients compared to the blood collection (Chojnowska et al, ), one of the study limitations was the difficulty in saliva collection after 6 weeks of radiotherapy due to radiation‐induced xerostomia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Melatonin in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial

et al. 2020

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Objectives Evaluating the effectiveness of melatonin in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis. Material and methods A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on forty head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy at the Department of Clinical Oncology, Alexandria University, Egypt. Patients were assigned equally to either control group who received conventional treatment or test group who received 20 mg of melatonin along with the conventional treatment. All patients were clinically evaluated for oral mucositis severity and pain at three and six weeks after the start of radiotherapy. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients’ saliva samples was assessed at the start of radiotherapy and six weeks later. Results 92.5% of all patients have experienced oral mucositis with more severity reported in the control group (30%) compared with the test group (5%). Mean pain scores decreased significantly, in the second assessment, in test group rather than the controls. TAC values showed a significant difference between the test and controls with a significant decrease in TAC in the control group. Conclusion The administration of melatonin with conventional treatment has reduced severe oral mucositis development. It aided in decreasing pain and hindering the reduction of TAC resulting from radiotherapy among the test group compared with controls.

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“…Moreover, the molecular profile of saliva gives its diagnostic power, where molecules pass from serum into saliva by passive diffusion, active transport and ultrafiltration through capillaries, secretory cells, and spaces between acinar and ductal cells, respectively (Pfaffe, Cooper‐White, Beyerlein, Kostner, & Punyadeera, ). Therefore, serum components can be found in saliva, and saliva can be used in the diagnosis of oral as well as systemic diseases (Chojnowska et al, ; Lee & Wong, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial)

et al. 2020

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic disease with immune‐mediated pathogenesis. Selenium (Se), an antioxidant, plays a role in modulating immunity. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate two Se forms (novel topical hydrogel and oral capsules), solely, in treating erosive OLP based on clinical evaluation and salivary oxidative stress markers. Patients were allocated into one of three groups: group I, topical corticosteroids; group II, topical Se; and group III, systemic Se. Treatment lasted for 6 weeks; patients were clinically evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks. Biochemical analysis for salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels at baseline and 6 weeks was performed. There was a significant reduction in signs and symptoms in response to all treatment modalities. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, group II had significantly lower pain scores compared with group I. Salivary MDA levels showed a significant decrease in patients of group I and group III. TAC levels showed no significant difference in response to treatment. Selenium can be proposed as a treatment for OLP. Salivary MDA levels can be a biomarker for OLP disease severity.

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Human saliva as a diagnostic material

Cited by 102 publications

References 73 publications

P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction

P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction

Efficacy of Melatonin in prevention of radiation‐induced oral mucositis: A randomized clinical trial

Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial)

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