Human retinal pigment epithelium-induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress activation of intraocular effector T cells

Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells

“…However, RPE cells can regulate inflammation by secreting soluble inhibitory molecules or generating Tregs [ 9 ]. Similar to the results of previous murine studies, human RPE cells have shown a great ability to generate Tregs in vitro [ 121 ]. RPE-induced Tregs strongly suppress cytokine production and proliferation of intraocular T-cell clones derived from active uveitis patients.…”

“…Similar to our previous murine studies, human ocular PE cells have been shown to have immunosuppressive functions, which form the immune privilege in the eye [ 121 ]. Primary cultured human iris PE cells are able to suppress the activation of bystander responder T cells in vitro [ 122 ].…”

Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells

“…However, RPE cells can regulate inflammation by secreting soluble inhibitory molecules or generating Tregs [ 9 ]. Similar to the results of previous murine studies, human RPE cells have shown a great ability to generate Tregs in vitro [ 121 ]. RPE-induced Tregs strongly suppress cytokine production and proliferation of intraocular T-cell clones derived from active uveitis patients.…”

“…Similar to our previous murine studies, human ocular PE cells have been shown to have immunosuppressive functions, which form the immune privilege in the eye [ 121 ]. Primary cultured human iris PE cells are able to suppress the activation of bystander responder T cells in vitro [ 122 ].…”

Endogenous IgG Affects the Cell Biology of RPE Cells and Involves the TLR4 Pathway

“…It is produced by RPE, and can significantly suppress the activation of intraocular T-cells. [28][29][30] In the present study, we found exogenous IgG can induce a significant increase of CD64 and an elevation of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that endogenous IgG may exert a protective function in an autocrine manner.…”

Transforming growth factor-β2 increases the capacity of retinal pigment epithelial cells to induce the generation of regulatory T cells

“…However, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 in RPE cells was slightly decreased after TGF-β2 stimulation for 24 h, followed by marked increases following 48 and 72 h of stimulation. The Nrf2 pathway is involved in cell survival signaling in response to oxidants and other insults and confers cellular protection (12). Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that TGF-β2 maintained RPE cells in an immunosuppressive condition through IDO regulation, which was possibly followed by an Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant response.…”

Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells

“…However, RPE cells can regulate inflammation by secreting soluble inhibitory molecules or generating Tregs [ 9 ]. Similar to the results of previous murine studies, human RPE cells have shown a great ability to generate Tregs in vitro [ 121 ]. RPE-induced Tregs strongly suppress cytokine production and proliferation of intraocular T-cell clones derived from active uveitis patients.…”

“…Similar to our previous murine studies, human ocular PE cells have been shown to have immunosuppressive functions, which form the immune privilege in the eye [ 121 ]. Primary cultured human iris PE cells are able to suppress the activation of bystander responder T cells in vitro [ 122 ].…”

Endogenous IgG Affects the Cell Biology of RPE Cells and Involves the TLR4 Pathway

“…It is produced by RPE, and can significantly suppress the activation of intraocular T-cells. [28][29][30] In the present study, we found exogenous IgG can induce a significant increase of CD64 and an elevation of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that endogenous IgG may exert a protective function in an autocrine manner.…”

Transforming growth factor-β2 increases the capacity of retinal pigment epithelial cells to induce the generation of regulatory T cells

“…However, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 in RPE cells was slightly decreased after TGF-β2 stimulation for 24 h, followed by marked increases following 48 and 72 h of stimulation. The Nrf2 pathway is involved in cell survival signaling in response to oxidants and other insults and confers cellular protection (12). Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that TGF-β2 maintained RPE cells in an immunosuppressive condition through IDO regulation, which was possibly followed by an Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant response.…”

Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells

“…However, RPE cells can regulate inflammation by secreting soluble inhibitory molecules or generating Tregs [ 9 ]. Similar to the results of previous murine studies, human RPE cells have shown a great ability to generate Tregs in vitro [ 121 ]. RPE-induced Tregs strongly suppress cytokine production and proliferation of intraocular T-cell clones derived from active uveitis patients.…”

“…Similar to our previous murine studies, human ocular PE cells have been shown to have immunosuppressive functions, which form the immune privilege in the eye [ 121 ]. Primary cultured human iris PE cells are able to suppress the activation of bystander responder T cells in vitro [ 122 ].…”

Endogenous IgG Affects the Cell Biology of RPE Cells and Involves the TLR4 Pathway

“…It is produced by RPE, and can significantly suppress the activation of intraocular T-cells. [28][29][30] In the present study, we found exogenous IgG can induce a significant increase of CD64 and an elevation of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that endogenous IgG may exert a protective function in an autocrine manner.…”

Transforming growth factor-β2 increases the capacity of retinal pigment epithelial cells to induce the generation of regulatory T cells

“…However, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 in RPE cells was slightly decreased after TGF-β2 stimulation for 24 h, followed by marked increases following 48 and 72 h of stimulation. The Nrf2 pathway is involved in cell survival signaling in response to oxidants and other insults and confers cellular protection (12). Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that TGF-β2 maintained RPE cells in an immunosuppressive condition through IDO regulation, which was possibly followed by an Nrf2-mediated anti-oxidant response.…”