Human Plague — United States, 2015

Kwit, Natalie; Nelson, Christina; Kugeler, Kiersten J.; Petersen, Jeannine M.; Plante, Lydia; Yaglom, Hayley; Kramer, Vicki L.; Schwartz, Benjamin; House, Jennifer; Colton, Leah; Feldpausch, Amanda; Drenzek, Cherie; Baumbach, Joan; DiMenna, Mark A.; Fisher, Emily; DeBess, Emilio; Buttke, Danielle; Weinburke, Matthew; Percy, Christopher A.; Schriefer, Martin E.; Gage, K. S.; Mead, Paul S.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6433a6

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Although plague is rare in the United States (median 3 human cases/year during 2001–2012) ( 17 – 19 ), in 2015, the rate increased in western states (16 cases reported to CDC) ( 19 , 34 ). Synchronous increases in Y. pestis transmission in the western United States have been documented previously and are potentially driven by large-scale climatic trends ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of and Response to 2 Plague Cases, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2015

Danforth¹,

Novak²,

Petersen³

et al. 2016

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…data, 1983–2015). Despite ongoing sylvatic transmission, human plague remains rare in the western United States ( 17 – 19 ), including in California, where no cases have been confirmed since 2006 ( 20 , 21 ). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of and Response to 2 Plague Cases, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2015

Danforth¹,

Novak²,

Petersen³

et al. 2016

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Present‐day plague is found worldwide with most cases in rural Africa . In the United States from 2001–2012, the median number of annual cases was 3, with a range of 1–17 cases . Human infection occurs by transmission by a few mechanisms: infected flea bite, direct contact with infected animal tissue or secretions, or via aerosolized inhalation.…”

Section: Biological Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disaster Preparedness: Biological Threats and Treatment Options

et al. 2018

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Biological disasters can be natural, accidental, or intentional. Biological threats have made a lasting impact on civilization. This review focuses on agents of clinical significance, bioterrorism, and national security, specifically Category A agents (anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, and smallpox), as well as briefly discusses other naturally emerging infections of public health significance, Ebola virus (also a Category A agent) and Zika virus. The role of pharmacists in disaster preparedness and disaster response is multifaceted and important. Their expertise includes clinical knowledge, which can aid in drug information consultation, patient-specific treatment decision making, and development of local treatment plans. To fulfill this role, pharmacists must have a comprehensive understanding of medical countermeasures for these significant biological threats across all health care settings. New and reemerging infectious disease threats will continue to challenge the world. Pharmacists will be at the forefront of preparedness and response, sharing knowledge and clinical expertise with responders, official decision makers, and the general public.

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“…More recently, there have been reported outbreaks of plague in the United States and Madagascar (28,29). The pneumonic form of plague represents the most severe form of the disease due to its rapid progression and ease of transmission by aerosols.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inactivation of Peroxiredoxin 6 by the Pla Protease of Yersinia pestis

et al. 2016

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Pneumonic plague represents the most severe form of disease caused by Yersinia pestis due to its ease of transmission, rapid progression, and high mortality rate. The Y. pestis outer membrane Pla protease is essential for the development of pneumonic plague; however, the complete repertoire of substrates cleaved by Pla in the lungs is not known. In this study, we describe a proteomic screen to identify host proteins contained within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice that are cleaved and/or processed by Y. pestis in a Pla-dependent manner. We identified peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), a host factor that contributes to pulmonary surfactant metabolism and lung defense against oxidative stress, as a previously unknown substrate of Pla. Pla cleaves Prdx6 at three distinct sites, and these cleavages disrupt both the peroxidase and phospholipase A 2 activities of Prdx6. In addition, we found that infection with wild-type Y. pestis reduces the abundance of extracellular Prdx6 in the lungs compared to that after infection with ⌬pla Y. pestis, suggesting that Pla cleaves Prdx6 in the pulmonary compartment. However, following infection with either wild-type or ⌬pla Y. pestis, Prdx6-deficient mice exhibit no differences in bacterial burden, host immune response, or lung damage from wild-type mice. Thus, while Pla is able to disrupt Prdx6 function in vitro and reduce Prdx6 levels in vivo, the cleavage of Prdx6 has little detectable impact on the progression or outcome of pneumonic plague.

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Human Plague — United States, 2015

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Investigation of and Response to 2 Plague Cases, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2015

Investigation of and Response to 2 Plague Cases, Yosemite National Park, California, USA, 2015

Disaster Preparedness: Biological Threats and Treatment Options

Inactivation of Peroxiredoxin 6 by the Pla Protease of Yersinia pestis

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