Human Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Promotion of Immune Regulation and ClinicalOutcomes: A Review

Capobianco, Marcela Petrolini; Cassiano, Gustavo Capatti; Furini, Adriana Antônia da Cruz; Melo, Luciane Moreno Storti de; Domingos, Cláudia Regina Bonini; Machado, Ricardo Luiz Dantas

doi:10.4172/2576-3881.1000109

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Garcia-Tuñón et al showed in clinical studies that the IL-2 expression, including its three receptors chains, was more prominent in breast-infiltrating tumors compared to the in situ surgical samples. This in accordance with the knowledge that the infiltrating neoplasms are characterized by higher aggression [12-13]. Xiao-Bo et al reported that polymorphism in the IL-2 gene was connected to increased rates of breast cancer and could be used as a marker for the prognosis of the disease while Muraro et al studied patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) - overexpressing and negative - in locally advanced breast cancer and reported that IL-2 can influence the initiation and development of cancer in HER-2 patients since they proved to carry considerably lower amounts of IL-2 [14-15].…”

Section: Reviewsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interleukins Associated with Breast Cancer

Fasoulakis¹,

Kolios²,

Papamanolis³

et al. 2018

Cureus

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A tumor consists of a group of cells with abnormal growth, capable of acquiring unique characteristics that provide them with the ability to display mercurial migration patterns, adapting to microenvironments and their chemical and physical factors. Interleukins are small proteins secreted mainly by CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes that mediate the "essential for cancer progression" interactions between cells. Interleukins are implicated in both the development and differentiation of different cells (NK, B, and T leukocytes) and, in general, play a major role in many diseases, including breast cancer, due to their unique participation in systemic inflammation and immune system modulation. During the past decade, interleukins proved to be decisive for future immunotherapy, predisposing a more reliable treatment with fewer side effects on normal proliferating cells. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the role of interleukins implicated in breast cancer progression.

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Section: Reviewsupporting

confidence: 92%

Interleukins Associated with Breast Cancer

Fasoulakis¹,

Kolios²,

Papamanolis³

et al. 2018

Cureus

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“…IL-2 is known to function by promoting the differentiation of immature T cells into effector and regulatory T cells which may positively affect the outcome of infection. [25,26]. Interferons exhibit antiviral activity, antiproliferative/antitumor and immunomodulatory effects [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased levels of circulating IL-10 in persons recovered from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared with persons with active HCV infection

et al. 2020

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Objective Approximately 70% of all hepatitis C (HCV) infections develop chronic disease. Active or exacerbated chronic hepatitis C infection subsequently progress to liver disease. The role of T-cells secretions in achieving viral clearance is still not well understood. Thus, the current study was set to determine the relationship between the T cell cytokine profiles, biochemical parameters and persistent HCV infection or spontaneous recovery. Results Twenty-five percent (41/163) of the anti-HCV positive participants had recovered from HCV and had significantly higher concentration of IL-10 compared to those with active HCV infection (P < 0.012). Other circulating cytokines measured; IL-2, IFN gamma, TNF alpha, IL-5 and IL-17 were similar in both groups. Participants with active HCV infection had significantly higher aspartate transaminase (AST) (35 units) and alanine transaminase (46 units) compared to those in the recovered state (P < 0.001). Thus, serum levels of IL10 could be explored in larger prospective cohort study as a predictive marker of recovering from an active HCV infection.

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“…In the immune system, IL-2 has several functions, including stimulates lymphocyte proliferation, regulates signals during immune response and increases differentiation of T and B cells [14], [15]. Stimulation of lymphocyte cells by inducers such as phenolic or flavonoid components promotes various biochemical reactions in the T cells producing more IL-2 necessary for further cell proliferation [15]. High lymphocyte proliferation by the cells added with geluring extracts is associated with the increase production of IL-2.…”

Section: B Production Of Interleukin-2 (Il-2) By Lymphocyte Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lymphocyte cell stimulation process will stimulate various biochemical reactions within T cell, one of them is the production of several types of important cytokines needed for the immune response including interleukin-2 (IL-2). This cytokine has an important role in stimulating lymphocyte cells to proliferate, regulating the signals during the immune response, and increasing differentiation of T and B lymphocyte cells [14], [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulating Activity on Human Lymphocytes in vitro of Nori like Product (Geluring) Made from Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca Seaweeds

Erniati¹,

Rungkat²,

Prangdimurti³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Seaweed has been reported to contain bioactive compounds that have an immunomodulatory activity, such as stimulating activity on human lymphocytes. Nori like the product from the mixture of Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca seaweed in this research named "geluring" may improve the immune system. This research is aimed to determine the stimulating activity of geluring by observing proliferation activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of human lymphocyte by in vitro method. Two types of geluring were prepared, that were P1 (unseasoned geluring) and P2 (seasoned geluring) according to the commercial nori process with some modification. Gelurings were extracted with water and the extracts were added into lymphocyte cultures with various concentrations. The results showed that extracts of P1 and P2 gelurings could stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production significantly (P<0.05) compared with the stimulations demonstrated by the cultures stimulated with PHA, RPMI, and extracts of unprocessed dried Ulva lactuca (UP0) but not significantly as compare to cultures added with unprocessed dried Gelidium sp.(GP0). Moreover, P2 geluring showed stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production higher than P1 geluring and those of the control cultures. There was a positive correlation of proliferative activity with IL-2 production of the lymphocytes. The stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production by P1 and P2 gelurings was significantly influenced by the concentration of the extracts. The concentration of 2.66 mg/ml culture showed the highest proliferation and IL-2 production of the cells. Base on this research, it can be concluded that geluring products made from the mixture of Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca stimulate the activity of lymphocytes, which indicates the potential to be used as a health food to improve the immune system.

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Human Interleukin 2 (IL-2) Promotion of Immune Regulation and ClinicalOutcomes: A Review

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Interleukins Associated with Breast Cancer

Interleukins Associated with Breast Cancer

Increased levels of circulating IL-10 in persons recovered from hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared with persons with active HCV infection

Stimulating Activity on Human Lymphocytes in vitro of Nori like Product (Geluring) Made from Gelidium sp. and Ulva lactuca Seaweeds

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