Human in vivo and in vitro studies on gastrointestinal absorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Jones, Kate; Morton, Jackie; Smith, Ian; Jurkschat, Kerstin; Harding, Anne-Helen; Evans, Gareth S

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.005

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…roughly 100 times more than the amount found in reality, which confirms the low absorption rate. This translocation was confirmed by Pele et al (2015) but disconfirmed by Jones et al (2015). The discrepancy can be explained by the time of tests, the formulation, and the type of particles.…”

Section: Crossing Biological Barriersmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In the oral cavity, particles already had a high agglomeration tendency (Teubl, Schimpel et al 2015), but 10% were still available in the nanosized range and penetrated the upper and lower buccal epithelium, independently of hydrophilicity (Tay, Fang et al 2014;Teubl, Leitinger et al 2014;Teubl, Schimpel et al 2015). Once introduced directly in the gastric fluid, TiO2 NPs agglomerate anyway (Jones, Morton et al 2015). In all the digestive fluids, TiO2 particles could still exist as primary entities, but the percentage of nano-TiO2 is lower (Chen, Cheng et al 2013), especially in the gastric fluid.…”

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all the digestive fluids, TiO2 particles could still exist as primary entities, but the percentage of nano-TiO2 is lower (Chen, Cheng et al 2013), especially in the gastric fluid. This was attributed to the presence of proteins and electrolytes (Chen, Cheng et al 2013;Jones, Morton et al 2015). Further agglomeration was observed when TiO2 was dispersed in polymeric or elemental foods (Jones, Morton et al 2015).…”

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was attributed to the presence of proteins and electrolytes (Chen, Cheng et al 2013;Jones, Morton et al 2015). Further agglomeration was observed when TiO2 was dispersed in polymeric or elemental foods (Jones, Morton et al 2015).…”

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns

Dudefoi

Villares

Peyron

et al. 2018

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies

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Section: Crossing Biological Barriersmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transformations In the Gastro-intestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns

Dudefoi

Villares

Peyron

et al. 2018

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies

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“…Moreover, a study performed on humans stated that TiO 2 NP are likely to agglomerate in gastric fluid, reducing the bioavailability of the dose in nanoform during oral exposure and that there is no evidence of significant absorption, regardless of particle size [9]. Differently, Tassinari et al, [1] after short-term (5 days) oral exposure to anatase TiO 2 NPs (0, 1, 2 mg/kg body weight per day) in rat, showed deposition of TiO 2 (aggregates of the test nanomaterial) in spleen, selected as a putative indicator of TiO 2 NP deposition in tissues [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo and in vitro toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestine

Tassinari¹,

Rocca²,

Stecca³

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In European Union, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as bulk material is a food additive (E171) and -as nanoparticle (NP) -is used as a white pigment in several products (e.g. food, cosmetics, drugs). E171 contains approximately 36% of particles less than 100 nm in at least one dimension and TiO 2 NP exposure is estimated fairly below 2.5 mg/person/day. The gastrointestinal tract is a route of entry for NPs, thus representing a potential target of effects. In in vivo study, the effects of TiO 2 NP in adult rat small intestine have been evaluated by oral administration of 0 (CTRL), 1 and 2 mg/kg body weight per day -relevant to human dietary intake. Detailed quali/quantitative histopathological analyses were performed on CTRL and treated rat samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed on small intestine. An in vitro study on Caco-2 cells was also used in order to evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects directly on enterocytes through the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Suspensions of TiO 2 NPs for in vitro and in vivo study were characterized by EM. Histomorphometrical data showed treatmentrelated changes of villus height and widths in male rats. Significantly different from CTRL decreased LDH levels in the medium were detected in vitro at 24h with 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 μg/cm 2 levels of TiO 2 NPs. SEM analysis showed no damaged areas. Overall the results showed that enterocytes may represent a target of TiO 2 NP toxicity by direct exposure both in vivo and in vitro models.

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Titanium Dioxide

Battersby,

Warheit

2023

Patty's Toxicology

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Titanium is a naturally occurring element. The commercially most important titanium compound is pigmentary TiO 2 , whereas nano‐scaled TiO 2 represents only a small amount on the market. Since humans are exposed to TiO 2 at workplace or through consumer products, a thorough evaluation of its potential toxicity has been summarized herein. Dermal absorption of TiO 2 is deemed to be negligible, whereas oral and inhalation absorption has been reported but is assumed to be very low. TiO 2 has been shown to be of low acute oral, dermal, and inhalation toxicity and is considered to be void of skin and eye‐irritating properties. It also does not show any potential for skin and respiratory sensitization. Oral long‐term toxicity studies in rats report no adverse effects, and due to lack of dermal absorption of TiO 2 , it is assumed that dermal exposure is also not a hazard. TiO 2 does not show any primary mutagenicity and is also void of reproductive or developmental toxicity. However, in long‐term inhalation toxicity studies in rats, inflammation, fibroproliferative effects, and lung tumor formation has been observed but only under conditions of excessive particle lung overload. Carcinogenicity under such extreme conditions with complete cessation of lung clearance is considered to not imply a cancer hazard for humans, which is in line with epidemiological studies showing no causative link between TiO 2 particle exposure and cancer risk in humans. However, based on the available animal database, IARC in the past classified TiO 2 as possibly carcinogenic to humans, and the Risk Assessment Committee of ECHA also concluded that TiO 2 warrants a Category 2 classification for carcinogenicity.

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Human in vivo and in vitro studies on gastrointestinal absorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Cited by 106 publications

References 7 publications

Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns

Nanoscience and nanotechnologies for biobased materials, packaging and food applications: New opportunities and concerns

In vivo and in vitro toxicological effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on small intestine

Titanium Dioxide

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