Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Illicit-Drug Solutions Used Intravenously Retains Infectivity

Bobkov, Aleksei; Selimova, L. M.; Khanina, Tatyana A.; Zverev, S.Y.; Pokrovsky, Vadim; Weber, Jonathan; Rylkov, Andrey V.

doi:10.1128/jcm.43.4.1937-1939.2005

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since METH potentiates FIV replication in vitro [52], we sought to determine the effects of METH on the replication of a CXCR4-tropic virus (HIV-1 IIIB) in IDC. HIV-1 IIIB has been shown to remain infectious for several days in METH solutions [53]. The current study demonstrates that pretreatment of IDC with METH prior to infection with HIV-1 IIIB (X4) enhances viral replication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Proteomic analyses of methamphetamine (METH)-induced differential protein expression by immature dendritic cells (IDC)

Reynolds

Mahajan

Sykes

et al. 2007

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics

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In the US, the increase in methamphetamine (METH) use has been associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of defense against HIV-1. DC play a critical role in harboring HIV-1 and facilitate the infection of neighboring T cells. However, the role of METH on HIV-1 infectivity and the expression of the proteome of immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated. We hypothesize that METH modulates the expression of a number of proteins by IDC that foster the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We utilized LTR amplification, p24 antigen assay and the proteomic method of difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) combined with protein identification through high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to analyze the effects of METH on HIV-1 infectivity (HIV-1 IIIB; CXCR4-tropic, X4 strain) and the proteomic profile of IDC. Our results demonstrate that METH potentiates HIV-1 replication in IDC. Furthermore, METH significantly differentially regulates the expression of several proteins including CXCR3, protein disulfide isomerase, procathepsin B, peroxiredoxin and galectin-1. Identification of unique, METH-induced proteins may help to develop novel markers for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic targeting in METH using subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Proteomic analyses of methamphetamine (METH)-induced differential protein expression by immature dendritic cells (IDC)

Reynolds

Mahajan

Sykes

et al. 2007

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics

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“…A study by Nair’s group (Reynolds et al 2006) found that heroin potentiates HIV replication in human astrocytes. Using human T lymphoid cell line, Selimova et al demonstrated that heroin increased HIV replication at the early stages of its life cycle (Bobkov et al 2005; Selimova et al 2002). …”

Section: Opiates and Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids and HIV/HCV Infection

Wang

Zhang

2011

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

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Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) share the same modes of transmission and common risk factors for infection, co-infections with HIV and HCV are frequently found in injection drug users (IDUs). IDUs represent one of the largest reservoirs of HIV as well as HCV in the United States. These two pathogens are also likely to be responsible for the highest infectious disease morbidity and mortality rates among IDUs. IDUs frequently involve the abuse of heroin, the most common abused opiate. Opiates have been suggested to have a cofactor role in the immunopathogenesis of HIV disease, as they have the potential to compromise host immune responses and enhances microbial infections. Although in vitro studies have yielded relatively agreeable data that morphine, the active metabolite of heroin, exacerbate HIV infection/replication, epidemiologic studies as well as in vivo non-human primate investigations on the impact of opiate abuse on HIV disease progression have yielded the conflicting data. Given immunomodulation and immunocompromising effect as well as demonstrated impact to enhance HIV replication in vitro, it is reasonable to believe that opiate abuse is a facilitator in HIV and/or HCV disease progression. However, much remain to be learned about the mechanisms of opiate-mediated broad influence on host immunity and viral expression. Thus, more extensive studies are needed in order to determine the effects of different conditions of opiate abuse and to define the understanding of the role of opiate in modulating HIV and/ or HCV disease progression.

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“…41,42 While we did not find an association between PFSU and HIV or HCV infection, PFSU could increase the likelihood of BBV infection if the syringe is not sterile or the drugs are drawn from a common container that becomes infected. 12 Further, others report that prefilled syringes are often shared. 16 Thus, it is important that education messages address PFSU as well as related high-risk behaviors for HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PFSU may have influenced HIV transmission among PWIDs in some Eastern European countries (e.g., Russia and Ukraine); however, drug preparation methods and time between preparation and distribution of prefilled syringes influences their infectivity and potential for the spread of disease. [9][10][11][12] There is a dearth of information about this practice from the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of the Use of Prefilled Syringes Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in San Diego, CA

et al. 2015

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Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for blood-borne virus (BBV) infections and overdose resulting from high-risk injecting practices. Studies of prefilled syringe use ([PFSU] using a syringe that already contained drug solution when it was obtained by the user), an injection practice previously described in Eastern Europe, suggest that it increases susceptibility to BBV. However, little is known about this practice in the USA. Data were obtained from an ongoing cohort study of PWID to determine the prevalence and assess correlates of PFSU in San Diego, CA. Baseline interviews assessed socio-demographics and drug use behaviors. Logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with ever using a prefilled syringe (yes/no). Participants (n = 574) were predominately males (73.9%) and white (50.9%) with a mean age of 43.4 years (range 18-80); 33.3% reported ever using prefilled syringes, although only 4.9% reported use in the past 6 months. In multivariable analyses, PFSU was independently associated with ever having a rushed injection due to police presence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.51, 95% CI 1.66, 3.79], ever being in prison (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.23, 2.63), injecting most often in public versus private places in the past 6 months (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.11, 2.48), and injecting drugs in Mexico (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.16, 2.49). Results indicate that a history of PFSU is common and associated with environmental factors that may also increase risk for adverse health outcomes. Studies are needed to better understand PFSU in order to develop interventions to prevent adverse outcomes associated with their use.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Illicit-Drug Solutions Used Intravenously Retains Infectivity

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Proteomic analyses of methamphetamine (METH)-induced differential protein expression by immature dendritic cells (IDC)

Proteomic analyses of methamphetamine (METH)-induced differential protein expression by immature dendritic cells (IDC)

Opioids and HIV/HCV Infection

Prevalence and Correlates of the Use of Prefilled Syringes Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in San Diego, CA

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