Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Distribution in the Worldwide Epidemic: Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Implications

Buonaguro, Luigi; Tornesello, Maria Lina; Buonaguro, Luigi

doi:10.1128/jvi.00872-07

Cited by 283 publications

(267 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Backbone resonance assignments for PR5 inactive (PR5i) were carried out using three-dimensional HNCACB (39), CBCA(CO)NH (40), HNCA (41), and HN(CO)CA (42) experiments at 600 MHz with a uniformly 13 C/ 15 N-labeled sample. Assignment for PR5i has been deposited in the BMRB database at Madison, WI, with accession number 19072.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Select Subtype Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Conformational Sampling and Dynamics

Huang

Britto

Kear-Scott

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: HIV-1 protease is an essential enzyme for HIV maturation. Results: Select and naturally occurring polymorphisms alter the conformational sampling and backbone dynamics of HIV-1 protease. Conclusion: These mutations lead to an alternative flap ensemble that we suspect is a curled flap orientation. Significance: The mechanism of distal mutations on drug resistance is unclear, but altered dynamics and conformational equilibria likely play key roles.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Select Subtype Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Conformational Sampling and Dynamics

Huang

Britto

Kear-Scott

et al. 2014

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…[3][4][5] The extensive diversity and rapid evolution of HIV pose serious challenges for maintaining reliable serologic and nucleic acid tests 6 for blood screening, epidemiological surveillance, diagnosis, and clinical management of infected persons. 7 Different test manufacturers target different HIV genes in their nucleic acid tests (NAT) for screening and quantitative HIV RNA determinations, with varying degrees of success in correctly identifying or quantifying emerging isolates. 8,9 Comparisons of recent HIV viral load assays demonstrated an underestimation of 10-40% of some non-B subtypes, CRF variants, or Group N or O viruses, and reports of failure of screening tests to detect the rare subtypes have been noted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

Manak

Sina²,

Anekella³

et al. 2012

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The continued global spread and evolution of HIV diversity pose significant challenges to diagnostics and vaccine strategies. NIAID partnered with the FDA, WRAIR, academia, and industry to form a Viral Panel Working Group to design and prepare a panel of well-characterized current and diverse HIV isolates. Plasma samples that had screened positive for HIV infection and had evidence of recently acquired infection were donated by blood centers in North and South America, Europe, and Africa. A total of 80 plasma samples were tested by quantitative nucleic acid tests, p24 antigen, EIA, and Western blot to assign a Fiebig stage indicative of approximate time from initial infection. Evaluation of viral load using FDA-cleared assays showed excellent concordance when subtype B virus was tested, but lower correlations for subtype C. Plasma samples were cocultivated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal donors to generate 30 viral isolates (50-80% success rate for samples with viral load > 10,000 copies/ml), which were then expanded to 10 7

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“…16 Most of the studies available in literature are done from the western countries where HIV-1 subtype B is more prevalent, showing increase in prevalence of milder forms of HAND and large proportion of new HAND cases are occurring in patients even with higher ranges of CD4 counts in post cART era, while in India including our part HIV-1 subtype C is prevalent and there is no previous study from IGMC on neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV patients. 17 The purpose of our study was to find out the neurocognitive disorders prevalent in HIV positive patients in this part of the country, its relationship with CD4 count and also to compare and to find out changes from the studies done earlier in our country.…”

Section: Anothermentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction and its association with CD4 count in HIV positive patients-a hospital based study

Balaini

Sharma

et al. 2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: The main objective of the present work was to study the neurocognitive dysfunction in HIV positive patients and to determine its relation with CD4 count. Further, an attempt has also been made to study the relationship of neurocognitive dysfunction with cART regimen.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, conducted over a period of one year (from July 2012 to June 2013) in the Department of Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Psychiatry at Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Shimla.Results: HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND) was found in 39.04% patients. Mean duration from diagnosis of HIV to detection of HAND was 3.77 ± 1.7 years. Mean nadir CD4 cell count was 126.1/mm3. 39.04% patients (n=41) were found to have HIV associated neurocognitive disorder out of 105 screened patients. 95.1% patients (n=39) had asymptomatic neurocognitive impairement, 4.9% patients (n=2) had mild cognitive impairment and 2.08% patients (n=1) had HIV associated dementia. Out of 41 patients having HIV associated neurocognitive disorder, 68.3% patients (n=28) were having CD4 count less than 150. Those having CD4 count less than 150/mm3 had scored less on dementia scales indicating severe disease. 31.7% patients (n=13) were having HIV associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and CD4 count was more than 150/mm3.Conclusions: The conclusion of the study is that HIV associated neurocognitive disorder is common and asymptomatic neurocognitive impairement is the commonest type of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder in HIV positive patients. It can be detected while patient is asymptomatic with help of simple neurocognitive tests. Although few studies reported higher prevalence of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder among patients on certain combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) regimen but our study didn’t indicate any such association.

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype Distribution in the Worldwide Epidemic: Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Implications

Cited by 283 publications

References 130 publications

The Role of Select Subtype Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Conformational Sampling and Dynamics

The Role of Select Subtype Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Conformational Sampling and Dynamics

Pilot Studies for Development of an HIV Subtype Panel for Surveillance of Global Diversity

HIV associated neurocognitive dysfunction and its association with CD4 count in HIV positive patients-a hospital based study

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