Human Immune System Diseasome Networks and Female Oviductal Microenvironment: New Horizons to be Discovered

Abstract

Human hypofertility and infertility are two worldwide conditions experiencing nowadays an alarming increase due to a complex ensemble of events. The immune system has been suggested as one of the responsible for some of the etiopathogenic mechanisms involved in these conditions. To shed some light into the strong correlation between the reproductive and immune system, as can be inferred by the several and valuable manuscripts published to date, here we built a network using a useful bioinformatic tool (DisGeNET), in which the key genes involved in the sperm-oviduct interaction were linked. This constitutes an important event related with Human fertility since this interaction, and specially the spermatozoa, represents a not-self entity immunotolerated by the female. As a result, we discovered that some proteins involved in the sperm-oviduct interaction are implicated in several immune system diseases while, at the same time, some immune system diseases could interfere by using different pathways with the reproduction process. The data presented here could be of great importance to understand the involvement of the immune system in fertility reduction in Humans, setting the basis for potential immune therapeutic tools in the near future.

Multicentric Assessment of a Multimorbidity-Adjusted Disability Score to Stratify Depression-Related Risks Using Temporal Disease Maps: Instrument Validation Study

“…Due to its association with poor prognosis, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life, multimorbidity is considered a global healthcare challenge 3,4 tied to complex clinical situations, leading to increased encounters with healthcare professionals, hospitalizations, and pharmacological prescriptions, resulting in a substantial rise in healthcare costs 5 . The emergence of multimorbidity is not arbitrary and frequently aligns with shared risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms [6][7][8] that result from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors throughout the lifespan 9 . Perceiving diseases not in isolation but as integral components of a more extensive, interconnected system within the human body has led to the emergence of network medicine 10,11 .…”

Multicentric validation of a Multimorbidity Adjusted Disability Score to stratify depression-related risks using temporal disease maps

“…In contrast, the conceptualization of the diseasome 14 sparked the appearance of a plethora of studies investigating the temporal patterns of disease concurrence, or disease trajectories 15,16 , yielding a better understanding of the time-dependent relationships among diseases and establishing a promising landscape to identify disease-disease causal relationships. Notably, these relationships are not arbitrary and frequently align with shared risk factors and/or underlying pathophysiological mechanisms [17][18][19] . Nevertheless, the traditional method of detecting disease co-occurrence has been deemed flawed as it may inadvertently generate false correlations between diseases, arising indirectly through multiple pairwise comparisons, exponentially increasing as the number of diseases examined escalates 20 .…”