2013
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.56
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Abstract: The initial inflammatory phase of bone fracture healing represents a critical step for the outcome of the healing process. However, both the mechanisms initiating this inflammatory phase and the function of immune cells present at the fracture site are poorly understood. In order to study the early events within a fracture hematoma, we established an in vitro fracture hematoma model: we cultured hematomas forming during an osteotomy (artificial bone fracture) of the femur during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…An alternative mechanism to explain our results might be related to the complex relationship between the immune system and fracture healing. Immune cells invade the fracture site immediately upon bone damage and contribute to the initial phase of the healing process by recruiting accessory cells to the injury site [35]. Similarly, lymphocytes were shown to have regulatory function on osteoblasts and osteoclasts specifically in the later stages of fracture healing [36].…”
Section: Factormentioning
confidence: 98%
“…An alternative mechanism to explain our results might be related to the complex relationship between the immune system and fracture healing. Immune cells invade the fracture site immediately upon bone damage and contribute to the initial phase of the healing process by recruiting accessory cells to the injury site [35]. Similarly, lymphocytes were shown to have regulatory function on osteoblasts and osteoclasts specifically in the later stages of fracture healing [36].…”
Section: Factormentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Important to cellular life within fracture haematoma are several environmental factors including the oxygen saturation, pH, temperature, and loading or pressure. Alterations in any of these factors can directly affect cellular function and behaviour (Epari, Lienau, Schell, Witt, & Duda, ; Hoff et al, ). A summary of fracture haematoma biochemical composition can be seen in Figure .…”
Section: The Fracture Haematoma Micro‐environmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our literature search has identified 10 manuscripts reporting the presence of inflammatory cytokines in the fracture haematoma (Currie, Loos, Vrana, Dragan, & Boyd, ; Hauser et al, ; Hauser et al, ; Hoff et al, ; Horst et al, ; Ishikawa et al, ; Kurata et al, ; Sarahrudi et al, ; Wu et al, ; Wu et al, ). Eleven papers report the presence of growth factors (Andrew, ; Brownlow, Reed, & Simpson, ; Groothuis et al, ; Hoff et al, ; Huh et al, ; Köttstorfer et al, ; Sarahrudi et al, ; Sarahrudi et al, ; J. Street et al, ; J. T. Street et al, ; Wildemann et al, ).…”
Section: Cytokines and Growth Factor Content Of Fracture Haematomamentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Furthermore, ischemia at fracture sites is the key cause of delayed union or non-union fracture healing, and it is rarely a solitary factor affecting fracture repair (3). Studies have shown that the early stages of fracture in humans are characterized by inflammation and hypoxia, and the initial inflammatory phase of fracture represents a critical step for the outcome of the healing process (4)(5)(6). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has a regulatory function during inflammation resolution in vivo (7,8).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%