Human Health Effects of Air Pollution

Folinsbee, Lawrence J.

doi:10.2307/3431520

Cited by 54 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The impact of various pollutants on skin health and protection systems against environmental contaminants have been nicely reviewed by other authors [7,8,15]. In the following paragraphs of this review, we will therefore focus on the main routes of action on the skin caused by pollutants.…”

Section: Effect Of Pollutants On the Skin And Its Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive exposure to pollutants can lead to various health-related problems, including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and increased risk of microbial and viral infections [7]. Environmental contaminants also have a negative impact on the skin, which is the largest organ in the human body and one of the most important barriers against pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Pollution on Skin and Proper Efficacy Testing for Anti-Pollution Claims

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to pollution can cause oxidative stress, premature ageing, inflammation, and diseases. Since most of us are exposed to pollution, protection is important. This can be achieved through skin protection or through protection with respect to food and food supplements. There is a wide range of products on the market with anti-pollution claims. However, it is important that these claims are thoroughly validated by proper efficacy testing. When skin cells are exposed to pollution factors, changes in a number of skin properties can be observed, such as lipid composition, lipid and protein oxidation, pH, sebum secretion rate, oxidative stress, inflammation markers, and collagen and elastin levels. These can be measured and used as markers to verify anti-pollution claims. In the present review, we summarize some of the most important in vitro and in vivo tests that are used to determine if an ingredient or formulation has anti-pollution efficacy.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Pollutants On the Skin And Its Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Pollution on Skin and Proper Efficacy Testing for Anti-Pollution Claims

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Bauer et al (101) reported that NO2 inhalation produced significant decrements in forced expiratory flow rates after exercise and increased responsiveness to cold air challenge. Despite this evidence of hyperresponsiveness of asthmatics to low levels of NO2, considerable controversy remains because of the inconsistency of the results (59). The effects of NO2 exposure on S02-induced bronchoconstriction have been examined, but with inconsistent results.…”

Section: Pr Iculat Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So (56,57). A more recent study by Spektor et al (58) (59). Even among homogeneous study populations, there has been a wide range of susceptibility to these effects (60,61).…”

Section: Pr Iculat Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between criteria air pollutants and asthma.

Koren

1995

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evidence that asthma is increasing in prevalence is becoming increasingly compelling. This trend has been demonstrated not only in the United States, but also in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and several other Western countries. In the United States, the increase is largest in the group under 18 years of age. There is mounting evidence that certain environmental air pollutants are involved in exacerbating asthma. This is based primarily on epidemiologic studies and more recent clinical studies. The U.S. Clean Air Act of 1970 provides special consideration to the class of outdoor air pollutants referred to as criteria pollutants, including 03, sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), NOR, CO, and Pb. Standards for these pollutants are set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency with particular concern for populations at risk. Current evidence suggests that asthmatics are more sensitive to the effects of 03, SO2, PM, and NO2, and are therefore at risk. High SO2 and particulate concentrations have been associated with short-term increases in morbidity and mortality in the general population during dramatic air pollution episodes in the past. Controlled exposure studies have clearly shown that asthmatics are sensitive to low levels of SO2. Exercising asthmatics exposed to SO2 develop bronchoconstriction within minutes, even at levels of 0.25 ppm. Responses are modified by air temperature, humidity, and exercise level. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that exposure to PM is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population and that hospital admissions for bronchitis and asthma were associated with PM10 levels. In controlled clinical studies, asthmatics appear to be no more reactive to aerosols than healthy subjects. Consequently, it is difficult to attribute the increased mortality observed in epidemiologic studies to specific effects demonstrated in controlled human studies. Epidemiologic studies of hospital admissions for asthma have implicated 03 as contributing to the exacerbation of asthma; however, most study designs could not separate the 03 effects from the concomitant effects of acid aerosols and SO2. Controlled human clinical studies have suggested that asthmatics have similar changes in spirometry and airway reactivity in response to 03 exposure compared to healthy adults. However, a possible role of 03 in worsening atopic asthma has recently been suggested in studies combining allergen challenge following exposure to 03. Attempts at identification of factors that predispose asthmatics to responsiveness to NO2 has produced inconsistent results and requires further investigation. In summary, asthmatics have been shown to be a sensitive subpopulation relative to several of the criteria pollutants. Further research linking epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic approaches is required to better understand and characterize the risk of exposing asthmatics to these pollutants. -Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 6): 235-242 (1995)

show abstract

“…It comprises among variety of substances, inorganic and organic carbon (containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), acidic or neutral sulphates and nitrates, fine soil dust, residues of lead and other toxic trace heavy metals, asbestos and other fibres. PM 10 particles penetrate deep into the lungs and pose significant health risks (Folinsbee, 1992). The risks of adverse health effects are reported greater when particles enter the tracheobronchial and alveolar portions of the human respiratory system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of number of deaths associated with exposure to excess ambient PM10 air pollution

Giri

Murthy

Adhikary

et al. 2007

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:The respirable particle matter (PM 10 ) concentration in urban areas has been a chronic cause concern and principal reason for increased morbidity rate among resident population. The present study aimed at estimating a discrete event like mortality rate associated and attributable to excess particulate matter pollution in the Kathmandu Valley area. The Government of Nepal conducts air monitoring of particulates at its air monitoring site network covering valley area. Adopting the data available with respect to PM 10 and with several other considerations like cutoff value for PM 10 , mean annual concentration, demographic data of valley, exceedance to the reference cutoff value, attributable fraction evolution and computation relative risk attributable to PM 10 was computed. Assumption was made about the relative risk of long-term average PM 10 exposure on natural mortality estimated and reported from a previous study. The estimation or mortality rate in our case was 0.95% after all these considerations and computation. This implies that 95 deaths out of 10,000 deaths are due to particulate pollution existing in the Kathmandu Valley Area.

show abstract

Human Health Effects of Air Pollution

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

The Impact of Pollution on Skin and Proper Efficacy Testing for Anti-Pollution Claims

The Impact of Pollution on Skin and Proper Efficacy Testing for Anti-Pollution Claims

Associations between criteria air pollutants and asthma.

Estimation of number of deaths associated with exposure to excess ambient PM10 air pollution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About