“…There is a general consensus that the key elements of human capital include: (a) knowledge, education, and training, (b) expertise and abilities, and (c) behavior and commitment (Martín‐de Castro, ). Human capital also encompasses how effectively an organization uses its people resources as measured by creativity and innovation (Wang & Zatzick, ). - Structural capital is the supportive nonphysical infrastructure, processes, and databases of an organization that enables human capital to function (Kong, ). It can be defined as institutionalized knowledge that is codified and residing within and utilized through proprietary software and databases, patents, manuals, structures, systems, routines, processes, and trademarks as well as other intangible organizational value such as organization's image and goodwill (Hooi, ; Subramaniam & Youndt, ).
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