Human Brown Adipose Tissue Temperature and Fat Fraction Are Related to Its Metabolic Activity

Koskensalo, Kalle; Raiko, Juho; Saari, Teijo I.; Saunavaara, Virva; Eskola, Olli; Nuutila, Pirjo; Saunavaara, Jani; Parkkola, Riitta; Virtanen, Kirsi A.

doi:10.1210/jc.2016-3086

Cited by 49 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These results suggest that cold may induce an initial spike in glucose uptake in BAT, but sustained cold exposure may increase reliance on fat as a substrate for thermogenesis. After controlling for the duration of cold exposure, the FF measured after cold exposure at the end of the scan at 80 minutes varied inversely with the SUV, consistent with previous studies , indicating that the FF is indeed related to functional BAT activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole‐Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL‐II)

Sun

Verma

Michael

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective This study aimed to compare the associations of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance (MR), and infrared thermography (IRT) imaging modalities with energy expenditure (EE) after brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation using capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. Methods Twenty participants underwent PET‐MR, IRT imaging, and whole‐body calorimetry after capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. Standardized uptake values (SUV) and the fat fraction (FF) of the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue regions were estimated. The anterior supraclavicular temperature (Tscv) from IRT at baseline and postintervention was measured. Two‐hour post–capsinoid ingestion EE and post–cold exposure EE served as a reference to correlate fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, FF, and Tscv for BAT assessment. IRT images were geometrically transformed to overlay on PET‐MR for visualization of the hottest regions. Results The supraclavicular hot spot identified on IRT closely corresponded to the area of maximal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET images. Controlling for body weight, post–cold exposure Tscv was a significant variable associated with EE (P = 0.025). The SUV was significantly inversely correlated with FF (P = 0.012) and significantly correlated with peak of Tscv during cold exposure in BAT‐positive participants (P = 0.022). Conclusions Tscv correlated positively with EE and was also significantly correlated with SUV after cold exposure. Both IRT and MR FF are promising methods to study BAT activity noninvasively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole‐Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL‐II)

Sun

Verma

Michael

et al. 2019

Obesity

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“…Current approaches for MRI techniques include chemical shift MRI for anatomical imaging . Blood oxygen level‐dependent MRI, and single‐voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been employed to assess BAT function …”

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confidence: 99%

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Gashi

Madoerin

Maushart

et al. 2019

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as a target to treat obesity and metabolic disease. Currently, 18F‐Fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) is the standard for BAT‐imaging. MRI might be a promising alternative, as it is not associated with ionizing radiation, offers a high resolution, and allows to discriminate different types of soft tissue. Purpose We sought to evaluate whether supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) volume, fat‐fraction (FF), and relaxation rate (R2*) determined by MRI can predict its metabolic activity, which was assessed by measurement of cold‐induced thermogenesis (CIT). Study Type Prospective cohort study. Subjects Twenty healthy volunteers (9 female, 11 male), aged 18–47 years, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18–30 kg/m2. Field Strength/Sequence Multiecho gradient MRI for water–fat separation was used on a 3T device to measure the FF and T2* of BAT. Assessment Prior to imaging, CIT was determined by measuring the difference in energy expenditure (EE) during warm conditions and after cold exposure. Volume, FF, and R2* of scBAT was assessed and compared with CIT. In 11 participants, two MRI sessions with and without cold exposure were performed and the dynamic changes in FF and R2* assessed. Statistical Tests Linear regression was used to evaluate the relation of MRI measurements and CIT. P‐values below 0.05 were considered significant; data are given as mean ± SD. Results R2* correlated positively with CIT (r = 0.64, R2 = 0.41 P = 0.0041). Volume and FF did not correlate significantly with CIT. After mild cold exposure EE increased significantly (P = 0.0002), with a mean CIT of 147 kcal/day. The mean volume of scBAT was 72.4 ± 38.4 ml, mean FF was 74.3 ± 5.8%, and the mean R2* (1/T2*) was 33.5 ± 12.7 s‐1. Data Conclusion R2* of human scBAT can be used to estimate CIT. FF of scBAT was not associated with CIT. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1160–1168.

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“…2 IR has been used for studying BAT function in small animals and increasingly also in humans. 6 We performed IR imaging and MRS on female and male patients (n = 20, 15F/5M) with varying age and BMI (age 48 AE 5 years, BMI 28.1 AE 5.3 kg/m 2 ) to compare the feasibility of these two methods in studying of BAT. While these studies have found IR imaging to be a feasible method for the study of BAT activity, most of the study populations have been very homogenous in terms of BMI, age and sex.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…MRS of liver was also performed. 6 The skin IR temperature of ROIs 1-5 is presented in Figure 1. 6 T1 effects were not taken into account since the repetition time was relatively long compared to the T1 relaxation times of water and lipids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin temperature may not yield human brown adipose tissue activity in diverse populations

et al. 2018

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Human Brown Adipose Tissue Temperature and Fat Fraction Are Related to Its Metabolic Activity

Cited by 49 publications

References 38 publications

Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole‐Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL‐II)

Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole‐Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL‐II)

MRI characteristics of supraclavicular brown adipose tissue in relation to cold‐induced thermogenesis in healthy human adults

Skin temperature may not yield human brown adipose tissue activity in diverse populations

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