HTLV-II Risk Factors in Native Americans in Florida

Lowis, George W.; Sheremata, William A.; Wickman, Patricia R.; Dube, Symalima; Dube, Dipak K.; Poiesz, Bernard J.

doi:10.1159/000026194

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The fact that there is no evidence for HTLV-II infection among the Iroquois and yet it is quite prevalent among the Seminole raises the question as to whether the Seminole became infected at a later time (perhaps through interactions with South or Central American or Caribbean Indians) after they split from Northeastern Indian groups. This hypothesis is consistent with the observed high degree of homology between HTLV-II sequences detected in Seminole Indians and isolated Indian groups of Central and South America [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of HTLV‐I‐associated T‐cell lymphoma

Poiesz

Papsidero²,

Ehrlich

et al. 2001

Am. J. Hematol.

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In order to assess the prevalence rate of HTLV-I-associated T-cell lymphomas and human retrovirus infection in general, approximately 21,000 individuals representing various patient populations, retroviral risk groups, and blood donors were examined for HTLV-I, HTLV-II, HIV-1, or HIV-2 infection using serologic and PCR assays. The prevalence rates among volunteer blood donors were 0.02% and 0% for HTLV and HIV, respectively. Significantly increased HTLV prevalence rates were observed among paid blood donors, African American health care clinic patients, Amerindians, recipients of HTLV-positive cellular blood products, intravenous drug users, sexual contacts and family members of HTLV-positive people, and patients with primary thrombocytosis and other-than-lowgrade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Among some of these groups there were significant differences in the prevalence of HTLV-I versus HTLV-II. The eight HTLV-positive NHL patients all had mature, high-grade, CD4 + T-cell lymphomas with clonally integrated HTLV-I, for a prevalence of 4% among other-than-low-grade NHL patients. Seven of the eight died from their disease within 2 years despite treatment. Interestingly, two groups at risk for HTLV infection, namely needle stick victims and recipients of HTLV-infected and/or pooled plasma products, showed no evidence for infection. Significantly increased HIV-1 prevalence was observed among paid blood donors, African Americans, homosexuals, female prostitutes, hemophiliacs, and other-than-low-grade NHL patients. Only one patient was infected with HIV-2. Of the nine HIV-positive, other-than-low-grade NHL patients, seven HIV-1 positives had B-cell lymphomas, one HIV-1 positive had an HTLV-I-positive CD4 + T-cell lymphoma, and one infected with HIV-2 had a CD4 + T-cell lymphoma that was HTLV negative. The data indicate that HTLV-I lymphoma, while uncommon, is not necessarily rare among other-than-low-grade NHL cases in the UnitedStates and, given its poor prognosis, should probably be studied separately in clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 66:32-38, 2001.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of HTLV‐I‐associated T‐cell lymphoma

Poiesz

Papsidero²,

Ehrlich

et al. 2001

Am. J. Hematol.

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“…The prevalence found in the present study is similar to that observed in previous studies involving indigenous populations in the Americas. In Venezuela, the prevalence among the Guahibo [19] was estimated at 24.8%, and among the Seminole Indians in the United States, at 24% [24]. However, lower prevalence rates have been reported in the Yahgans in Chile (9.1%) [26], in the Wayuu in Colombia (4.8%) [35] and in the Wichi-Mataco in Argentina (above 3%) [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in villages of the Xikrin tribe (Kayapo), Brazilian Amazon region

et al. 2019

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Background Studies have shown that the human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) is endemic in several indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon and molecular analyses have shown the exclusive presence of HTLV-2 subtype 2c among the indigenous groups of this geographical region. Methods The present study characterizes the prevalence of HTLV-2 infection in three new villages of the Xikrin tribe, in the Kayapo group, according to their distribution by sex and age. The study included 263 samples from individuals from the Kateté, Djujeko and Oodjã villages. Plasma samples were tested for the presence of anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Seropositive samples were confirmed using real-time PCR, nested PCR and sequencing. Results The serological and molecular results confirmed the sole presence of HTLV-2 in 77 (29%) samples, with a prevalence of 38% among women and 18% among men. In these communities, it was found that the prevalence of HTLV-2 infection increased with age. Nucleotide sequences (642 bp, 5’LTR) from eight samples were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by the neighbor-joining method to determine the viral subtype, which confirmed the presence of HTLV-2c. Conclusions The results of the present study establish the presence of HTLV-2 infection in three new villages of the Xikrin tribe and confirm the high endemicity of the infection in the Kayapo indigenous group of the Brazilian Amazon.

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“…A previous study in blood donors had already demonstrated a rate of HTLV infection of 0.72/1,000 in New Mexico (most cases of which were attributed to HTLV-2) and, in turn, a higher prevalence among American Indian blood donors (1.0%-1.6%) than among non-Hispanic white donors (0.009%-0.06%) 65 . In the United States, HTLV is endemic among the Navajo and Pueblo people of New Mexico and Seminole people of Florida, with HTLV-2 presenting a higher prevalence 85 , 88 ( Table 1 and Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: Htlv In Indigenous Groups Of Other Countries Of the Americasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1) and Type 2 (Htlv-2) Among Indigenous Populations in the Americas

Paiva

Casseb

2015

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is found in indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands and the Americas, whereas type 2 (HTLV-2) is widely distributed among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, where it appears to be more prevalent than HTLV-1, and in some tribes of Central Africa. HTLV-2 is considered ancestral in the Americas and is transmitted to the general population and injection drug users from the indigenous population. In the Americas, HTLV-1 has more than one origin, being brought by immigrants in the Paleolithic period through the Bering Strait, through slave trade during the colonial period, and through Japanese immigration from the early 20th century, whereas HTLV-2 was only brought by immigrants through the Bering Strait. The endemicity of HTLV-2 among the indigenous people of Brazil makes the Brazilian Amazon the largest endemic area in the world for its occurrence. A review of HTLV-1 in all Brazilian tribes supports the African origin of HTLV-1 in Brazil. The risk of hyperendemicity in these epidemiologically closed populations and transmission to other populations reinforces the importance of public health interventions for HTLV control, including the recognition of the infection among reportable diseases and events.

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HTLV-II Risk Factors in Native Americans in Florida

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence of HTLV‐I‐associated T‐cell lymphoma

Prevalence of HTLV‐I‐associated T‐cell lymphoma

High prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) infection in villages of the Xikrin tribe (Kayapo), Brazilian Amazon region

Origin and Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (Htlv-1) and Type 2 (Htlv-2) Among Indigenous Populations in the Americas

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