HTLV-1 infection is associated with a history of active tuberculosis among family members of HTLV-1-infected patients in Peru

Abstract

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and a lifetime history of active tuberculosis (TB) among relatives of HTLV-1-infected patients. We reviewed clinical charts of all relatives of HTLV-1-infected index cases who attended our institute in Lima from 1990–2004. The data of 1233 relatives was analysed; 394 (32·0%) were HTLV-1 positive. Eighty-one subjects (6·6%) had a history of active TB, including 45/394 (11·4%) HTLV-1-positive and 36/839 (4·3%) HTLV-1-negative relatives (P<0·001). On multivariate analysis, three factors were associated with TB history: HTLV-1 infection (adjusted OR 2·5, 95% CI 1·6–3·9), age (adjusted OR 1·3, 95% CI 1·1–1·5 per 10-year age increase) and relation to the index case (adjusted OR 2·6, 95% CI 1·3–5·1, for siblingsvs. spouses of index cases). In conclusion, HTLV-1 infection may increase the susceptibility to active TB. In populations where both infections are frequent, such an association could affect the dynamics of TB.

Geographic predictors of primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases in an endemic area of Lima, Peru

“…28 Although HTLV-1 rates among SJL's primary MDR-TB cases remain unknown, the district receives migration from known HTLV-1-endemic Andean regions. 28,29 Finally, environmental factors such as humidity, population density and crowding all favor TB transmission and, along with air quality studies, require further investigation among primary MDR-TB cases in SJL. 20,30 No clustering of primary MDR-TB cases was detected around district prisons, where TB is epidemic, suggesting that living near the prison is not a risk for primary MDR-TB.…”

The Changing Epidemiology of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in Peruvian Female Sex Workers, 1993–2010

“…Birthplace in the Andean region was significantly associated with increased risk of HTLV-1 infection; however, the declining trend in HTLV-1 prevalence over time remained significant even after adjustment for region of birth and among participants stratified by region of birth, which indicates that migration from the Andean region to the coast does not entirely explain the trend. 7,19,43 Although the exact reason for higher prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among Andean populations is unknown, some researchers have posited that geographic, cultural factors, or HLA type may be responsible. 44,45 Condom use.…”

“…5 HTLV-1 infection has also been linked with increased risk of acquiring tuberculosis (TB) and has been associated with decreased survival among people coinfected with either TB or human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). [6][7][8][9][10] As with TB and HIV-1, socioeconomic factors and risk behaviors may compound the risk of HTLV-1 acquisition and disease progression. [11][12][13] HTLV-1 and HIV share similar modes of transmission, namely sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, injection drug use, and vertical transmission.…”

Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Bovine Leukemia Virus-Infected Dairy Cows

“…This phenomenon predisposes the animal to different coinfections or superinfections and increases the severity of the infections [16,29]. In fact, BLV has been associated with the coinfection of some microorganisms [20,23,26,28,30].…”

“…The role of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in BLV infection has been the subject of many studies in BLVinfected cattle [2,6,8,9,24,31,32], but PMNLs function has been less well investigated [1,7,13,19,29]. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the function of PMNLs from naturally BLV-infected cows through the evaluation of the intracellular ROS production, even that elicited by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).…”