HSV-tk Gene Therapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Enhancement by the Local and Distant Bystander Effect

A “Distant” Bystander Effect of Suicide Gene Therapy: Regression of Nontransduced Tumors Together with a Distant Transduced Tumor

“…However, the rapid time course of the distant bystander effect, which was observed as early as 5 days after GCV tteatment, suggests that it cannot occur solely via a classical cytotoxic T cell-mediated immune response. In this line, regression of distant TKh" tumors during the tteatment of TKh-tumors (plasmocytoma and squamous cell carcinoma) has been observed in nude and severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (Dilber et al, 1996;Wilson et al, 1996). These observations are compatible with an effect mediated by diffusible factors such as cytokines, in accordance with die results of Freeman et al (1995Freeman et al ( , 1996Freeman et al ( , 1997 and Ramesh ef a/.…”

Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model

“…The high levels of survival with AdFlt3L and AdTK suggest a synergy between altered microenvironment and systemic immune activation that eliminates the tumor. While AdTK alone has been shown to trigger immune activation preclinically, [79][80][81][82][83] in clinical trials the strength of AdTK alone was insufficient to provide more than modest survival improvements. 55,57 AdFlt3L alone has been shown to induce influx of IFNa-secreting plasmacytoid DCs into the brain 19 and improves survival in small brain tumor models.…”

Efficacy of transfection rates on head and neck squamous cell cancer by a novel adenovirus: An in vivo and in vitro study

“…Direct intratumoral injections using viral systems have been suggested as a method of improving specificity and gene delivery. Impressive in vivo data using E1‐deleted recombinant adenoviral serotype 5 vectors for gene delivery 17–20. These approaches have been used in both animal models and in human trials.…”