HPLC and<sup>31</sup>P NMR Analysis of Phenols in Coal Liquefaction Oils

Erdmann, K.; Mohan, T.; Verkade, John G.

doi:10.1021/ef950122q

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…31 P‐NMR is an extensively applied analytical technique used to observe the phosphorus‐derived hydrogen‐bounded oxygen (OH–hydroxyl) moieties in coal processing , biodiesel , and lignin‐based biomass/oil. .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR

Patel

Hellgardt

2013

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Although already proposed in the 1940s, hydrothermal upgrading of biomass, and specifically algae, to produce biocrude has only recently become a much researched topic. Algae are of special interest as they are capable of much higher biomass accumulation rates than terrestrial plants. To understand the transformation of algal biomass into biocrude, this process needs to be scrutinized in as much detail as possible to identify the most appropriate reaction conditions. It is usually not possible to identify individual transformation steps; however, in this article we demonstrate the use of 31P‐NMR to follow the fate of derivatized (2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane) hydroxyl groups to start understand, which chemical species are involved in the initial degradation steps. Our data show the occurrence of a very fast degradation of acidic OH groups (derived from the hydrolysis of lipids) and aliphatic OH groups (derived from the fast hydrolysis of carbohydrates). The degradation of proteins leads to polyphenols, which appear to be rather stable even over prolonged treatment periods. Small quantities of aromatic compounds are also formed as secondary degradation products through sugar dehydration and cyclization as well as peptide transformation. It appears that additional deoxygenation routes exist as the deoxygenation rate using 31P‐NMR and that determined by elemental analysis differ. The formed oil (biocrude) is compared with typical North Sea oils using simulated distillation and was found to contain a significant high boiling faction, which would require further treatment (e.g., hydrocracking) to shift the boiling range to a more valuable oil composition. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 1002–1012, 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an alternative or additional analytical protocol is required. 31 P-NMR is an extensively applied analytical technique used to observe the phosphorus-derived hydrogen-bounded oxygen (OH-hydroxyl) moieties in coal processing [24,25], biodiesel [26], and lignin-based biomass=oil. [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR

Patel

Hellgardt

2013

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…As shown in Figure 1, advanced analytical techniques used in characterizing CDLs can be generally classified into "non-mass spectrometry" techniques and "mass spectrometry (MS)" techniques. The commonly used non-mass spectrometry techniques for the characterization of CDLs include mainly Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry (Seshadri, Young, & Cronauer, 1985;White et al, 1988;Guillen et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2011;Shui et al, 2013;Qin et al, 2015), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, including 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR) spectrometry (Seshadri, Young, & Cronauer, 1985;White et al, 1988;Erdmann, Mohan, & Verkade, 1996;Murata et al, 2001;Omais et al, 2010Omais et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2014d), liquid chromatography (LC) or highperformance LC (HPLC) (McKinney et al, 1995;Erdmann, Mohan, & Verkade, 1996;Padlo, Subramanian, & Kugler, 1996;Dıez et al, 2002;Omais et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012), and gas chromatography (GC) or two-dimensional GC (GC Â GC) (Murti et al, 2002(Murti et al, , 2005Omais et al, 2010Omais et al, , 2011Omais et al, , 2012Omais et al, , 2013Koolen et al, 2015). However, because of their respective disadvantages, these analytical techniques cannot fully meet the requirements for detail compositional characterization of CDLs.…”

Section: B Analytical Techniques Used For CDL Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Liu

Fan

Wei

et al. 2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Coal-derived liquids (CDLs) are primarily generated from pyrolysis, carbonization, gasification, direct liquefaction, low-temperature extraction, thermal dissolution, and mild oxidation. CDLs are important feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and clean liquid fuels as well as high performance carbon materials. Accordingly, the compositional characterization of chemicals in CDLs at the molecular level with advanced analytical techniques is significant for the efficient utilization of CDLs. Although reviews on advancements have been rarely reported, great progress has been achieved in this area by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), two-dimensional GC-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This review focuses on characterizing hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, and halogen-containing chemicals in various CDLs with these three mass spectrometry techniques. Small molecular (< 500 u), volatile and semi-volatile, and less polar chemicals in CDLs have been identified with GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. By equipped with two-dimensional GC, GC × GC-TOFMS can achieve a clearly chromatographic separation of complex chemicals in CDLs without prior fractionation, and thus can overcome the disadvantages of co-elution and serious peak overlap in GC/MS analysis, providing much more compositional information. With ultrahigh resolving power and mass accuracy, FT-ICR MS reveals a huge number of compositionally distinct compounds assigned to various chemical classes in CDLs. It shows excellent performance in resolving and characterizing higher-molecular, less volatile, and polar chemicals that cannot be detected by GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. The application of GC × GC-TOFMS and FT-ICR MS to chemical characterization of CDLs is not as prevalent as that of petroleum and largely remains to be developed in many respects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:543-579, 2017.

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“…Because of the large quantities of organic chemicals exsisted in the coal tar oil [1], the conventional hydrotreating process obviously underestimates and, to some extent, wastes its value. Among these chemicals, phenolic compounds, which are important materials for organic chemical industry, have relatively high concentration and show considerable economic value [1,6,7]. Thereby, the separation of phenolic compound becomes increasingly important for the deep processing of coal tar oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient separation of phenol from oil by acid–base complexing adsorption

Gao

Dai

et al. 2015

Chemical Engineering Journal

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HPLC and³¹P NMR Analysis of Phenols in Coal Liquefaction Oils

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Efficient separation of phenol from oil by acid–base complexing adsorption

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HPLC and31P NMR Analysis of Phenols in Coal Liquefaction Oils

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of 31P‐NMR

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of 31P‐NMR

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Efficient separation of phenol from oil by acid–base complexing adsorption

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Product

Resources

About

HPLC and³¹P NMR Analysis of Phenols in Coal Liquefaction Oils

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR

Hydrothermal upgrading of algae paste: Application of ³¹P‐NMR