How to Measure Racism in Academic Health Centers

Abstract

Institutional racism is a set of practices and policies that disadvantage individuals not part of societies' dominant groups. In academic health centers (AHCs), institutional racism mediates structural racism; it is embedded in institutional policies, clinical practice, health professional training, and biomedical research. Measuring institutional racism in AHCs at the individual, intra-organizational, and extra-organizational levels renders visible how AHCs mediate structural racism by implementing policies that unfairly treat minority groups. To claim one AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM for the CME activity associated with this article, you must do the following: (1) read this article in its entirety, (2) answer at least 80 percent of the quiz questions correctly, and (3) complete an evaluation. The quiz, evaluation, and form for claiming AMA PRA Category 1 Credit TM are available through the AMA Ed Hub TM .

Structural racism theory, measurement, and methods: A scoping review

“…Duplicate articles ( n = 24) or articles whose main focus was not structural racism were removed ( n = 73), leaving a total of 138 articles evaluated ( Figure 1 ). Results were extracted by, and organized into, three broad sections: theory ( 4 – 8 , 12 , 13 , 17 – 24 , 37 – 41 , 45 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 57 , 61 , 63 , 64 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 80 , 82 – 84 , 88 , 89 , 97 , 101 – 103 , 106 – 108 , 113 , 115 ), construct measurement ( 12 , 13 , 16 , 23 , 32 , 53 , 54 , 57 , 58 , 61 – 63 , 65 – 69 , 74 , 76 , 79 , 81 , 84 – 86 , 88 , 90 – 92 , 98 , 106 , 109 , 110 , 112 ) and study practice and methods ( 11 , 12 , 23 , 33 , 54 , 55 , 62 , 67 – 70 , 74 , 75 , 77 …”

Covid-19 impacts: Ethnic and regional inequalities in sickle cell disease patient care in Brazil

“…Prejudice and discrimination stemming from institutional racism are present throughout legal frameworks, actions, and discriminatory behaviors in the day-to-day lives of people, making it difficult to advance services to people because of their race or color, or by failing to provide effective quality service, and consequently, generating more inequality [ 21 ].…”

Latent class analysis of racial microaggressions and institution-specific racial discrimination at a U.S. minority-serving university: Implications for mental health and coping.

“…Future studies should assess other facets of institutional racism (e.g., measures of neighborhood deprivation, distribution of educational and health resources, etc. ; Adkins-Jackson et al, 2021). In addition, while racism accounted for a statistically significant portion of the variance in depression scores, its association was far smaller in magnitude than that of anxiety and perceived stress, and smaller than that found in other studies (Pieterse & Carter, 2007; Wei et al, 2008).…”