How Perturbated Metabolites in Diabetes Mellitus Affect the Pathogenesis of Hypertension?

Abstract

The presence of hypertension (HTN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common phenomenon in more than half of the diabetic patients. Since HTN constitutes a predictor of vascular complications and cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM patients, it is of significance to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of type 2 DM binding to HTN. This review attempts to understand the mechanism via the perspective of the metabolites. It reviewed the metabolic perturbations, the biological function of perturbated metabolites in two diseases, and the mechanism underlying metabolic perturbation that contributed to the connection of type 2 DM and HTN. DM-associated metabolic perturbations may be involved in the pathogenesis of HTN potentially in insulin, angiotensin II, sympathetic nervous system, and the energy reprogramming to address how perturbated metabolites in type 2 DM affect the pathogenesis of HTN. The recent integration of the metabolism field with microbiology and immunology may provide a wider perspective. Metabolism affects immune function and supports immune cell differentiation by the switch of energy. The diverse metabolites produced by bacteria modified the biological process in the inflammatory response of chronic metabolic diseases either. The rapidly evolving metabolomics has enabled to have a better understanding of the process of diseases, which is an important tool for providing some insight into the investigation of diseases mechanism. Metabolites served as direct modulators of biological processes were believed to assess the pathological mechanisms involved in diseases.

Chỉ dấu chuyển hóa của bệnh đái tháo đường tuýp 2 cho phụ nữ Việt Nam

“…Nghiên cứu tổng quan về các chất chuyển hoá liên quan đến ĐTĐ của tác giả Zhangchi Ning và cộng sự đã báo cáo trong số các amino acid, mặc dù phổ biến nhất là các acid amine chuỗi nhánh (Branched -chain amino acid BCAA bao gồm valine, leucine và isoleucine) và các acid amine thơm (Aromatic amino acid AAA bao gồm tyrosine, phenylalanine, và tryptophan) nhưng vẫn ghi nhận có vai trò của arginine [17]. Kết quả này tương đồng với kết quả của chúng tôi tìm thấy Argininosuccinic acid có mối tương quan nghịch với HbA1c, nồng độ Argininosuccinic acid cao trong máu có tác dụng bảo vệ giúp giảm nguy cơ ĐTĐ.…”