How much could we boost scholastic achievement and IQ scores? A direct answer from a French adoption study

Schiff, Michel; Duyme, M.; Dumaret, Annick‐Camille; Tomkiewicz, S

doi:10.1016/0010-0277(82)90011-7

Cited by 146 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The question could be raised as to whether the relationship between SES and IQ is merely a reflection of some underlying genetic determination of both IQ and SES. However, the notion that SES effects on IQ are at least partly mediated by environmental factors is supported by the results of French adoption studies in which children of low SES biological parents who were adopted into high SES families obtained higher mean IQ scores than appropriate comparison groups of children (Schiff et al, 1978(Schiff et al, , 1982Dumaret, 1985;Schiff and Lewontin, 1986;Duyme, 1989, 1991;Duyme and Capron, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: the dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability

Siegel

Himel

1998

Dyslexia

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Two studies are reported that raise additional serious questions about the use of IQ scores in the definition of dyslexia. Participants in the studies were children with reading difficulties and IQ _80. Children were categorized into 'dyslexic' and 'poor reader' groups on the basis of whether or not there was a significant discrepancy between their IQ and their reading performance. The first study was based on a sample of 161 7-8-year-old children. There was a significant positive correlation (0.351) between the IQ scores of the children and the socioeconomic status (SES) scores of the parents. Furthermore, the dyslexic children had significantly higher SES scores than the poor readers. The second study investigated the changes in IQ with age, using a total of 473 children aged 7-16 years. Two key findings emerged: first, the mean IQ scores were lower for the older children, suggesting an effective decline with age; second, the ratio of poor readers to dyslexic children increased with age. The findings suggest strongly that the measured IQ of a dyslexic child decreases with age, leading to a reclassification from dyslexic to poor reader using the discrepancy approach. Two children with equivalent reading difficulties might therefore be diagnosed differently by the IQ-attainment discrepancy criterion, with a child with lower SES or who is older being more likely to be classified as a poor reader. Therefore children with lower SES or who are older are victims of discrimination if the IQ-achievement discrepancy definition of dyslexia is used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: the dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability

Siegel

Himel

1998

Dyslexia

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“…Developmental psychologists have often emphasized the importance of environmental influences on intelligence and other psychological traits (Hoffman, 1991;Ross, 1980;Schiff et al, 1982;Schiff and Lewontin, 1986). Indeed, culture is often con-sidered one of the most important components of environment affecting variation among individuals and is said to be incorporated into language, lifestyle, physical artifacts, beliefs, values, and traditions (Boyd and Richerson, t985;Cole and Cole, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Models of spouse similarity: Applications to fluid ability measured in twins and their spouses

1996

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Genetic influences have consistently been reported to be the principal explanation for resemblance among relatives for intelligence, with shared environmental effects playing a much smaller role. However, crucial to understanding the nature of environmental influences are the mechanisms of assortative mating. Phenotypic assortment, albeit widely assumed or modeled in biometrical analyses, may be less important than other assortment processes, such as social homogamy. Consequently, effects of shared environment may play a greater role than prior studies have suggested. The goal of this study was to resolve environmental and genetic influences on fluid ability based on alternative models of assortment by examining the similarity of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and their spouses. Raven's Progressive Matrices scores were available from a population-based Swedish sample of 138 twin kinships. The effects of both social homogamy and phenotypic assortment were tested simultaneously in each of two alternate assortment models. A factor/delta path model represented social homogamy as a common factor and phenotypic assortment as a delta path, while a delta/delta path model represented both social homogamy and phenotypic assortment as delta paths. Overall, the factor/delta path model was found to be superior. Results suggested that social homogamy completely explained spouse similarity; phenotypic assortment was not significant. The results of these analyses suggest the presence of shared environmental effects among twins and their spouses, which would have been underestimated if only phenotypic modeled phenotypic assortment may have underestimated the effects of environment.

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“…Nos últimos anos, um número considerável de resultados tem sugerido que a inteligência não é apenas uma capacidade abstrata, geral, inata ou estável, e sim uma característica humana resultante, não apenas de fatores genéticos, mas também de experiênci-as individuais e seus condicionantes (Berry, 1984;Duyme, 1988Duyme, ,1990Flynn, 1980;Horn, 1983;Scarr & Weinberg, 1983;Schiff &Lewontin, 1986;Schiff, Duyme, Dumaret & Tomkiewicz, 1982;Skeels, 1966;Sternberg, 1984).…”

Section: Inteligência E Hereditariedadeunclassified

“…Um outro importante estudo que questiona a causalidade genética da inteligência é a investigação francesa realizada por Michel Schiff e seus colegas (Duyme, 1988(Duyme, ,1990Schiff, Duyme, Dumaret & Tomkiewicz, 1982;Schiff & Lewontin, 1986). A amostra investigada era formada por 32 crianças adotadas, antes do primeiro mês de vida, em famíli-as de classe média a alta.…”

Section: Repensando a Inteligência 37unclassified

Repensando a inteligência

Roazzi

Souza

2002

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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O conceito de inteligência é um conceito amplo, com variações enormes entre leigos ou peritos ,relativas ao significado efetivo da palavra. Não surpreendentemente, também há variações enormes entre autores sobre quais seriam os componentes básicos e as dinâmicas de inteligência, com algumas destas diferenças originando-se de alterações em conceito e outras surgindo de diferenças no tipo de método de investigação adotado. Este artigo revisa a discussão sobre este controverso tópico, apontando os pontos fracos das abordagens tradicionais e atuais sobre este assunto, particularmente em relação ao objetivo das habilidades consideradas, e a tendência para desconsiderar os componentes social, cultural e ambiental do pensamento humano. Enfim, tendo como base uma nova teoria do processamento da informação de tipo contextualista, é apresentada uma nova abordagem para o estudo da inteligência.

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How much could we boost scholastic achievement and IQ scores? A direct answer from a French adoption study

Cited by 146 publications

References 11 publications

Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: the dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability

Socioeconomic status, age and the classification of dyslexics and poor readers: the dangers of using IQ scores in the definition of reading disability

Models of spouse similarity: Applications to fluid ability measured in twins and their spouses

Repensando a inteligência

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