Household Survey of Dengue Infection in Central Brazil: Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Risk Factors Assessment

Abstract

Urban dengue fever is now considered a major public health threat in most American countries. A household survey was conducted in the city of Goiania in central Brazil in 2001 to assess prevalence of dengue infection and individual and area-based risk factors. Spatial point pattern analysis was performed using the dual Kernel method. A total of 1,610 households were surveyed; 1,585 individuals more than five years old had blood and data collected. Sera were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Area-based indicators derived from census data were linked to geocoded residential address. The seroprevalence of dengue was 29.5% and the estimate prevalence surface reached 50% in the outskirts areas. The risk of infection was significantly associated with older age (P < 0.01), low education (odds ratio [OR] = 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.82-6.55), and low income (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.71) in multivariate analysis. This study highlighted the heterogeneity of dengue transmission within the city and can assist in spatial targeting control interventions.

Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus IgG among Children 1 - 15 Years, Selected from an Urban Population in Karachi, Pakistan: Population Based Study

“…This was consistent with the study reported from Brazil [13] [14]. In our study, the finding was perhaps expected as Garden is a modern urban area with high rise buildings and inhabited by affluent communities.…”

“…Our study also showed greater preponderance of dengue IgG antibodies in males compared to females. Where reports suggest no significant differences associated with sex that might be different from Pakistan's perspective owing to the fact that majority of the females remain indoors while males spend their maximum time outside [11]- [13]. As mentioned previously, the dengue vectors are highly adaptable to any environment, hence it is probable for male children of such ages to become exposed to its habitat more often and contracting the virus.…”

Dengue: twenty-five years since reemergence in Brazil

“…Thus, serological surveys to determine the seroprevalence or seroincidence of dengue antibodies In order to estimate the real magni- 23 , Salvador (67%) 20 , Niterói (66%) 34 , Macapá (48.4%) 23 , Rio de Janeiro (44.5%) 30 , Fortaleza (44%) 21 , and São Luís (41.4%) 22 . Lower rates were found in Goiâ-nia (29.5%) 35 , Belo Horizonte (23.3%) 26 , and Ribeirão Preto (5.4%) 36 . The variations result from the diversity in the distribution of determinant factors in each geographic space in this country of continental dimensions, particularly in the climatic diversity and population density, in addition to the time elapsed between the initial viral circulation and the serological surveys, the circulating serotypes, and other factors.…”

High Incidence of Diseases Endemic to the Amazon Region of Brazil, 2001–2006

“…Brazil has the most cases of dengue fever in the Western Hemisphere; ≈70% of all cases are reported, and of this total, 17% are concentrated in the Amazon region of Brazil (23). When the risk factors for a dengue epidemic in Goiânia in the Central-West region of Brazil were analyzed, Siqueira et al (24) noted a higher dengue prevalence among those with a lower educational level. This fi nding differs from our results and again highlights the specifi cities of disease in this region.…”