Household and market survey on availability of adequately iodized salt in the Volta region, Ghana

Agbozo, Faith; Der, Joyce; Glover, Nutifafa J.; Ellahi, Basma

doi:10.1080/14635240.2016.1250658

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The large percentage of households consuming inadequately iodized salt observed in previous national surveys (GSS, 2011, GSS et al, 2015, and supported by findings from this study, suggests that those challenges remain to some degree, despite attempts at resolving them (Nyumuah et al, 2012), and as a result, much of the salt produced in Ghana is still not iodized. Women know that noniodized salt is cheaper and more accessible, compared with the usually factory-processed, fine-textured, and branded iodized salt (Agbozo, Dera, Gloverb, & Ellahi, 2016;Avinash & Prabha Adhikari, 2002;Knowles et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial

Adu‐Afarwuah

Young

Lartey

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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There is little information on whether prenatal multiple micronutrient (MMN) supplements containing iodine affect women's iodine status. In the International Lipid‐based Nutrient Supplements DYAD‐Ghana trial, we aimed to assess women's urinary iodine concentration (UIC, μg/L) during pregnancy, as one of the planned secondary outcomes. Women (n = 1,320) <20 weeks of gestation were randomized to consume 60 mg iron and 400 μg folic acid per day (iron and folic acid [IFA]); 18 vitamins and minerals including 250 μg iodine per day (MMN); or 20 g/day of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) with the same and additional 4 vitamins and minerals as the MMN (LNS). In a subsample (n = 295), we tested differences in groups' geometric mean UICs at 36 weeks of gestation controlling for baseline UIC and compared the geometric means (approximately median UICs) with the World Health Organization (WHO) cut‐offs: median UIC <150, 150–249, and ≥500 reflecting low, adequate, and excessive iodine intakes, respectively. At baseline, overall median UIC was 137. At 36 weeks of gestation, controlling for baseline UIC, geometric mean (95% confidence interval) UICs of the MMN (161 [133, 184]) and LNS (158 [132, 185]) groups did not differ; both values were significantly greater (overall p = .004) than that of the IFA group (116 [101, 135]). The median UICs of the MMN and LNS groups were within the WHO “adequate” range, whereas that of the IFA group was below the WHO adequate range. In this setting, supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity LNS or MMN providing iodine at the WHO‐recommended dose, compared with IFA, increases the likelihood of adequate iodine status.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial

Adu‐Afarwuah

Young

Lartey

et al. 2017

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…However, in the Northern Region, only 20% of households reported iodized salt use. The awareness of the fortification law in both regions was low among traders and households …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The data from the multiple indicator cluster survey , , indicate that only a third of Ghanaian households were consuming iodized salt. In 2006 and 2011, more recent studies have shown a slightly lower rate in the Northern Region of Ghana and a very high rate in particular settings in the Volta Region at about 75% . The 2003 Ghana Demographic Health Survey indicated 28% iodized salt consumption .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Misinformation in communities with high illiteracy rates will reduce intake of iodized salt because non‐iodized salt is cheaper in markets. The two studies that assessed the knowledge levels of household members showed that there was a better knowledge of the health impact of iodine from iodized salt than the knowledge of legislative support . Furthermore, many Ghanaian recipes are not standardized and quantities of iodized salt, and possibly bouillon cubes added in meals, are not measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risks of excess iodine intake in Ghana: current situation, challenges, and lessons for the future

Abu

Oldewage‐Theron

Aryeetey

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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In Ghana, iodine deficiency was first reported in 1994 among 33% of the population. A nationwide Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program plus other complementary interventions were subsequently implemented as a response. Our paper reviews the current risks of excess iodine status in Ghana and identifies policy and research gaps. A mixed methods review of 12 policies and institutional reports and 13 peer‐reviewed articles was complemented with consultations with 23 key informants (salt producers and distributors, food processors, regulatory agency officials, and healthcare providers) purposively sampled between May and August 2017. The findings show a strong policy environment indicated by regulations on food and salt fortification (Act 851), including the USI regulation. However, currently, only a third of Ghanaian households use adequately iodized salt. Recent evidence shows that voluntarily fortified processed foods (including condiments) supply a considerable amount of iodine to the food system. Limited biological impact data suggest possible household exposure to excessive dietary iodine (>15 parts per million). Currently, there is no systematic tracking of iodine content from fortified foods and other sources. Cross‐sectoral actions are needed to understand this situation better. Key research gap is the lack of comprehensive data on iodine content and intake from other sources in Ghana.

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“…In spite of all these efforts, iodine deficiency is still a greater problem in Ghana than iodine excess. Although there are several studies, more information is needed to help with the implementation of public health programs. A national surveillance program would be key to improve the quality of data as well as for developing a progressive study of urinary iodine concentration and collecting data on iodine consumption including sources of intake in the diet.…”

Section: Technical Consultationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of excessive intake of vitamins and minerals delivered through public health interventions: objectives, results, conclusions of the meeting, and the way forward

Garcı́a-Casal

Mowson

Rogers

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The excessive consumption of certain vitamins and minerals could have deleterious consequences on health and development of individuals and populations. Simultaneous micronutrient‐delivery interventions could be challenging in terms of safety as the target populations may overlap, posing a risk of excessive intake of certain micronutrients. The Evidence and Programme Guidance Unit of the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization convened a technical consultation on the risk of excessive intake of vitamins and minerals delivered through public health interventions in October 2017. The technical consultation's working groups identified important and emerging technical issues, lessons learned, and research priorities related to (1) planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating nutrition programs for the detection and control of the risk of excessive intakes; (2) safety, quality control, and assurance considerations; (3) coordination between public health nutrition interventions and other interventions and sectors; and (4) the legislative framework and policy coherence needed for simultaneous nutrition interventions. This paper provides the background and rationale of the technical consultation, synopsizes the presentations, and provides a summary of the main considerations proposed by the working groups.

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Household and market survey on availability of adequately iodized salt in the Volta region, Ghana

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial

Supplementation during pregnancy with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial

Risks of excess iodine intake in Ghana: current situation, challenges, and lessons for the future

Risk of excessive intake of vitamins and minerals delivered through public health interventions: objectives, results, conclusions of the meeting, and the way forward

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