House Dust Mite Allergens: New Discoveries and Relevance to the Allergic Patient

Thomas, Wayne R.

doi:10.1007/s11882-016-0649-y

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…To date, 19 different allergens eliciting immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in susceptible subjects have been described in D. pteronyssinus (http://www.allergen.org). As different allergens contribute distinctively to the IgE response in human allergic populations, there is a generally accepted hierarchical pattern of allergenicity in which Der p 1, 2 and 23 are referred as major and serodominant allergens (Thomas, , ). The exact physiological function of most D. pteronyssinus allergens has still to be elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary shifts have consequences for the repertoire of allergens produced by the European house dust mite

Vidal-Quist

Ortego

Rombauts

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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Products manufactured from mass-cultured house dust mites, currently commercialized for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy, are heterogeneous in terms of allergen composition and thus present concerns to regulatory authorities. The most abundant species, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart) (Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae), produces 19 allergenic proteins. Many of these are putatively involved in mite digestive physiology and metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mite-rearing media on allergen production. Mites were adapted to feed on culture media supplemented with proteins, lipids, carbohydrates or beard shavings, and collected to quantify major allergens (Der p 1 and 2) by immunodetection, transcription of allergen genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and allergen-related enzymatic activities. All culture media significantly affected the content of major allergens. Modification of macronutrients in the diet produced minor effects on the transcription of allergen genes, but significantly altered mite allergen-related activities. The most remarkable impacts were detected in mites feeding on beard shavings and were reflected in reductions in the content of major allergens, alterations in the transcription of nine allergen genes, and changes in eight allergen-related activities. These results demonstrate the importance of culture media to the quality and consistency of mite extracts used for pharmaceuticals, and highlight the need to further elucidate allergen production by mites in the laboratory and in domestic environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary shifts have consequences for the repertoire of allergens produced by the European house dust mite

Vidal-Quist

Ortego

Rombauts

et al. 2017

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…While this article has focused on DP proteases, it is worth commenting that many allergens are not proteases [36] and other factors have also been shown to affect sensitization. Examples include genetic susceptibility [37], the modern hygienic lifestyle [38], as well as natural and anthropogenic adjuvants [39,40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteases of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

Randall

London

Fitzgerald

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Since the discovery that Der p 1 is a cysteine protease, the role of proteolytic activity in allergic sensitization has been explored. There are many allergens with proteolytic activity; however, exposure from dust mites is not limited to allergens. In this paper, genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data on Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) was mined for information regarding the complete degradome of this house dust mite. D. pteronyssinus has more proteases than the closely related Acari, Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) and Sarcoptes scabiei (SS). The group of proteases in D. pteronyssinus is found to be more highly transcribed than the norm for this species. The distribution of protease types is dominated by the cysteine proteases like Der p 1 that account for about half of protease transcription by abundance, and Der p 1 in particular accounts for 22% of the total protease transcripts. In an analysis of protease stability, the group of allergens (Der p 1, Der p 3, Der p 6, and Der p 9) is found to be more stable than the mean. It is also statistically demonstrated that the protease allergens are simultaneously more highly expressed and more stable than the group of D. pteronyssinus proteases being examined, consistent with common assumptions about allergens in general. There are several significant non-allergen outliers from the normal group of proteases with high expression and high stability that should be examined for IgE binding. This paper compiles the first holistic picture of the D. pteronyssinus degradome to which humans may be exposed.

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“…Atopy patch testing/APT involves epicutaneous application of aeroallergens that elicit delayed‐type hypersensitivity/DTH reactions . D. pteronyssinus / farinae are ubiquitous organisms sensitizing up to 40% of the population and up to 70% of AD patients, and their antigens are the most commonly used in patch tests …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%