Hot electron-induced electrogenerated chemiluminescence of rare earth(III) chelates at oxide-covered aluminum electrodes

Hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence of fluorescein in aqueous solution

“…We have earlier shown that some metal chelates such as RuðbpyÞ 2þ 3 [16] and aromatic Tb(III) chelates [17,18], and some organic luminophores as well [19,20] can be excited by cathodic pulse polarization of conductor/insulator/electrolyte (C/I/E) tunnel junction electrodes, e.g., at oxidecoated aluminum, silicon and magnesium electrodes [19,[21][22][23]. These thin insulating film-coated electrodes are known to act as pulsed cold-cathodes and tunnel-emit hot electrons ðe À hot Þ into aqueous solutions in an analogous manner to that occurring in solid-state devices [19,21,22,[24][25][26].…”

Competitive immunoassay by hot electron-induced electrochemiluminescence detection and using a semiautomatic electrochemiluminometer

“…The inset displays the emission spectrum of the present Tb(III) label. Because Tb(III) ion is extremely difficult to one-electron reduce or oxidize (E 0 (Tb 3+ /Tb 2+ ) ¼ À3.7 V, E 0 (Tb 4+ / Tb 3+ ) ¼ 3.1 V [17]), the chelate is excited by ligand-sensitized mechanism, in which the ligand is first excited by successive one-electron redox steps [18] followed by energy transfer to the central ion which finally emits by 5 D 4 -7 F J radiative transitions (Fig. 3) [19].…”

Cathodic electrochemiluminescence of lucigenin at disposable oxide-coated aluminum electrodes

“…Sometimes, the time-resolved measurement might be useful, although the luminescence lifetime in the present case is far from those of Tb(III) chelates [46,56,57] .…”