Host range and local parasite adaptation

Lajeunesse, Marc J.; Forbes, Mark R.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2001.1943

Cited by 160 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Brown, 1984;Arneberg et al, 1988). More locally abundant species are perhaps larger targets of selection for parasites than are less abundant or rare species (Lajeunesse et al, 2002;Grant and Samways, 2011). As such, parasites are thought to be more capable of encountering and/or infecting more locally abundant species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher gregarine parasitism often in sibling species of host damselflies with smaller geographical distributions

Mlynarek

Hassall

Forbes

2012

Ecological Entomology

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Short running head: Sibling damselfly spp. and gregarine parasitism 3 ABSTRACT 1. This study investigated interspecific variation in parasitism by gregarines (Eugregarinorida: Actinocephalidae), among sibling species of damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera), in relation to relative size of geographical ranges of host species. 2. Gregarines are considered generalist parasites, particularly for taxonomically related host species collected at the same sites or area. Prevalence and median intensity of gregarine parasitism was obtained for 1,338 adult damselflies, representing 14 species (seven sibling species pairs) across three families within the suborder Zygoptera. Damselflies were collected at six local sites in Southeastern Ontario, during same periods over the season. 3. Six of seven species pairs had significant differences in parasitism between sibling species.The less widespread host species was the more parasitized for three species pairs with significant differences in gregarine prevalence, and for three species pairs with differences in median intensity. The more widespread host had higher prevalence of infection as expected, in the fourth species pair.. 4. Future studies on ecological determinants of parasitism among related species should examine robust measures of abundance of species and representation of species regionally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher gregarine parasitism often in sibling species of host damselflies with smaller geographical distributions

Mlynarek

Hassall

Forbes

2012

Ecological Entomology

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“…hanges in virus host range affect virus ecology and epidemiology, condition virus emergence, and can compromise the success of strategies for the control of viral diseases (1)(2)(3)(4). The acquisition of new hosts, that is, host range expansion, would provide a virus with more opportunities for transmission and survival.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mutations That Determine Resistance Breaking in a Plant RNA Virus Have Pleiotropic Effects on Its Fitness That Depend on the Host Environment and on the Type, Single or Mixed, of Infection

Moreno‐Pérez

García-Luque

Fraile

et al. 2016

J Virol

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Overcoming host resistance in gene-for-gene host-virus interactions is an important instance of host range expansion, which can be hindered by across-host fitness trade-offs. Trade-offs are generated by negative effects of host range mutations on the virus fitness in the original host, i.e., by antagonistic pleiotropy. It has been reported that different mutations in Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) coat protein result in overcoming L-gene resistance in pepper. To analyze if resistance-breaking mutations in PMMoV result in antagonistic pleiotropy, all reported mutations determining the overcoming of L 3 and L 4 alleles were introduced in biologically active cDNA clones. Then, the parental and mutant virus genotypes were assayed in susceptible pepper genotypes with an L ؉ , L 1 , or L 2 allele, in single and in mixed infections. Resistance-breaking mutations had pleiotropic effects on the virus fitness that, according to the specific mutation, the host genotype, and the type of infection, single or mixed with other virus genotypes, were antagonistic or positive. Thus, resistance-breaking mutations can generate fitness trade-offs both across hosts and across types of infection, and the frequency of host range mutants will depend on the genetic structure of the host population and on the frequency of mixed infections by different virus genotypes. Also, resistance-breaking mutations variously affected virulence, which may further influence the evolution of host range expansion. Changes in virus host range affect virus ecology and epidemiology, condition virus emergence, and can compromise the success of strategies for the control of viral diseases (1-4). The acquisition of new hosts, that is, host range expansion, would provide a virus with more opportunities for transmission and survival. However, differential host-associated selection may result in across-host fitness trade-offs so that increasing the virus fitness in a new host will decrease its fitness in the original one, which will hinder host range expansion (4-6). The simplest mechanism generating across-hosts fitness trade-offs is antagonistic pleiotropy, in which mutations that increase fitness in one host are deleterious in another one (7). Evidence indicates that antagonistic pleiotropy is common in RNA viruses as a result of their small genomes, which are compacted with genetic information and encode few, multifunctional proteins (5,8).Host range evolution is particularly relevant for the sustainable use of genetic resistance to control viral diseases of crops. Disease control based on resistant cultivars is target specific and highly efficient but is not durable due to the appearance of new virus genotypes able to infect otherwise resistant host genotypes. The increase in frequency of resistance-breaking virus genotypes eventually renders resistance inefficient (9-11). Plant-virus interactions can often be explained by the gene-for-gene (GFG) model, under which direct or indirect recognition of viral proteins by those encoded by plant resistan...

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“…Thus, generalist parasites are usually less well locally adapted to their hosts than specialist species (Lajeunesse and Forbes 2002). Furthermore, parasites with high gene flow between host species may be less likely to suffer extreme fluctuations in population numbers because they depend on the population dynamics of multiple host species, allowing them to maintain large N e and high evolutionary potential (Dobson 2004, Barrett et al 2008, Archie and Ezenwa 2011.…”

Section: Host Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of life history traits on the population genetic structure of parasitic helminths: a minireview

Vázquez-Prieto

Vilas

Paniagua

et al. 2015

Folia Parasitologica

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Parasite life history traits influence the rate of gene flow between populations and the effective population size, both of which determine the levels of genetic variability and the geographic distribution of such variability. In this short review targeted to parasitologists, we summarise how life history traits influence the population genetic structure of parasitic helminths. These organisms are characterised by a wide variety of life cycles and are ecologically different from microparasites, which have been studied in more detail. In order to provide the reader a concise review that illustrates key aspects of the subject matter, we have limited ourselves to studying examples selected for their clarity and relevance.

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Host range and local parasite adaptation

Cited by 160 publications

References 69 publications

Higher gregarine parasitism often in sibling species of host damselflies with smaller geographical distributions

Higher gregarine parasitism often in sibling species of host damselflies with smaller geographical distributions

Mutations That Determine Resistance Breaking in a Plant RNA Virus Have Pleiotropic Effects on Its Fitness That Depend on the Host Environment and on the Type, Single or Mixed, of Infection

Influence of life history traits on the population genetic structure of parasitic helminths: a minireview

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