Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020

Garg, Shikha; Kim, Lindsay; Whitaker, Michael; O’Halloran, Alissa; Cummings, Charisse N; Holstein, Rachel; Prill, Mila M.; Chai, Shua J.; Kirley, Pam Daily; Alden, Nisha; Kawasaki, Breanna; Yousey‐Hindes, Kimberly; Niccolai, Linda M.; Anderson, Evan J.; Openo, Kyle P.; Weigel, Andrew; Monroe, Maya; Ryan, Patricia; Henderson, Justin; Kim, Sue; Como-Sabetti, Kathy; Lynfield, Ruth; Sosin, Daniel M.; Torres, Salina; Muse, Alison; Bennett, Nancy M.; Billing, Laurie M; Sutton, Melissa; West, Nicole; Schaffner, William; Talbot, H. Keipp; Aquino, Clarissa; George, Andrea; Budd, Alicia; Brammer, Lynnette; Langley, Gayle; Hall, Aron J.; Fry, Alicia M.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3

Cited by 2,221 publications

(2,269 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Las tasas de hospitalización en nuestros pacientes son muy elevadas, superando el 80% de los casos. Estudios publicados de la población general, aportan unas cifras considerablemente menores (7), pero no debemos olvidar la mayor edad y comorbilidad de los pacientes en TRS, que, sin duda, puede condicionar una situación clínica más deteriorada. Hace sólo dos semanas se publicaron los resultados de un metaanálisis que incluía 4 estudios publicados y 1400 pacientes, concluyó que la enfermedad renal crónica era un factor de riesgo para desarrollar una infección por SARS-CoV-2 más grave (8).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN)

et al. 2020

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN)

et al. 2020

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“…Recent work has primarily focused on patient demographics, underlying health comorbidities, social disparities in healthcare access and quality, and environmental variables such as pollution to identify potential risk factors and vulnerable populations. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, while these previous studies have examined the effects of these domains on COVID-19 spread independently, some do not control for the potentially confounding interactions between variables. In this study, we sought to investigate COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in all U.S. counties through a more comprehensive framework that accounts for effects of county-level macroeconomic, demographic, environmental, health status, and healthcare access variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing new therapies, identifying risk factors, and minimizing spread through social distancing remain top priorities in the fight against COVID-19. 4,5 Previous studies have examined the effects of various risk factors on spread of COVID-19 including patient demographics, 6,7 social determinants of health, 8 environmental variables, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] housing, 16,17 and underlying health conditions. [18][19][20] Identifying risk factors allows public health officials to determine populations at greater risk and development targeted public health interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Analysis of Factors Affecting COVID-19 Case and Death Rate in U.S. Counties: The Significant Effects of Black Race and Temperature

Hannah

Durbin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives : Coronavirus disease-19 has spread rapidly around the world, and many risk factors including patient demographics, social determinants of health, environmental variables, underlying health conditions, and adherence to social distancing have been hypothesized to affect case and death rates. However, little has been done to account for the potential confounding effects of these factors. Using a large multivariate analysis, this study illuminates modulators of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in U.S. counties while controlling for risk factors across multiple domains.Methods : Data on COVID-19 and various risk factors in all U.S. counties was collected from publicly available data sources through April 14, 2020. Counties with at least 50 COVID-19 cases were included in case analyses and those with at least 10 deaths were included in mortality models. The 661 counties meeting inclusion criteria for number of cases were grouped into quartiles and comparisons of risk factors were made using t-tests between the highest and lowest quartiles. Similar comparisons for 217 counties were made for above average and below average deaths/100,000. Adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent effects of factors that significantly impacted cases and deaths.Results : Univariate analyses demonstrated numerous significant differences between cohorts for both cases and deaths. Risk factors associated with increased cases and/or deaths per 100,000 included increased GDP per capita, decreased social distancing, increased age, increased percent Black, decreased percent Hispanic, decreased percent Asian, decreased health, increased poverty, increased diabetes, increased coronary heart disease, increased physical inactivity, increased alcohol consumption, increased tobacco use, and decreased access to primary care. Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated Black race is a risk factor for worse COVID-19 outcome independent of comorbidities, poverty, access to health care, and other mitigating factors. Lower daily temperatures was also an independent risk factor in case load but not deaths.Conclusions : U.S. counties with a higher proportion of Black residents are associated with increased COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, the various suggested mechanisms, such as socioeconomic and healthcare predispositions, did not appear to drive the effect of race in our model. Counties with higher average daily temperatures are also associated with decreased COVID-19 cases but not deaths. Several theories are posited to explain these findings, including prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Additional studies are needed to further understand these effects.

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“…Disproportionately higher rates of Covid-19-related hospitalization among the black population have also been reported in the United States as a whole. 21 Our study also has certain strengths. Because we studied data from a comprehensive electronic medical record rather than from an administrative health insurance claims database, we used rigorously identified covariates and outcomes.…”

Section: -Relevant Confounders Including Comorbidities Medicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19

Magagnoli

Narendran

Pereira

et al. 2020

Preprint

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236

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BACKGROUND:Despite limited and conflicting data on the use of hydroxychloroquine in patients with Covid-19, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized the emergency use of this drug when clinical trials are unavailable or infeasible. Hydroxychloroquine, alone or in combination with azithromycin, is being widely used in Covid-19 therapy based on anecdotal and limited observational evidence. METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of data from patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in all United States Veterans Health Administration medical centers until April 11, 2020. Patients were categorized based on their exposure to hydroxychloroquine alone (HC) or with azithromycin (HC+AZ) as treatments in addition to standard supportive management for Covid-19. The two primary outcomes were death and the need for mechanical ventilation. We determined the association between treatment and the primary outcomes using competing risk hazard regression adjusting for clinical characteristics via propensity scores. Discharge and death were taken into account as competing risks and subdistribution hazard ratios are presented. RESULTS:A total of 368 patients were evaluated (HC, n=97; HC+AZ, n=113; no HC, n=158). Rates of death in the HC, HC+AZ, and no HC groups were 27.8%, 22.1%, 11.4%, respectively. Rates of ventilation in the HC, HC+AZ, and no HC groups were 13.3%, 6.9%, 14.1%, respectively.

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Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020

Cited by 2,221 publications

References 4 publications

Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN)

Situación de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes en tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Informe del Registro COVID-19 de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología (SEN)

Multivariate Analysis of Factors Affecting COVID-19 Case and Death Rate in U.S. Counties: The Significant Effects of Black Race and Temperature

Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19

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