Hospital admissions in children due to pneumococcal pneumonia in England

Djuretic, T; Ryan, Marian; Miller, Elizbeth; Fairley, Christopher K

doi:10.1016/s0163-4453(98)90604-1

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Incidence rates are reported in Table 3 and show, as reported in previous studies, 24,25 IPD rates peaking in infants and among the elderly. Incidence rates for pneumococcal meningitis are highest in infants (15 per 100 000 population, 95% CI: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and remain low in all other age groups. No significant change was observed over the time period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR, antigen detection) to unspecified syndromic surveillance data, 26 or by reviewing individual hospital admissions to estimate the proportion likely to be attributable to S. pneumoniae infection. 20 In this study, we quantified the amount of pneumococcal disease, invasive and non-invasive, that is present in England and Wales, using both national surveillance database and multivariate regression techniques based on the underlying seasonality of pneumococcal disease reports to estimate the proportion of GP consultations for both pneumonia and AOM that is attributable to Pnc infection. The strength of this modelling technique has been shown in the past when similar questions were addressed for rotavirus 23 and hospital admissions for RSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The current burden of pneumococcal disease in England and Wales

Melegaro¹,

Edmunds²,

Pebody³

et al. 2006

Journal of Infection

120

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current burden of pneumococcal disease in England and Wales

Melegaro¹,

Edmunds²,

Pebody³

et al. 2006

Journal of Infection

120

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“…Two households of 2 individuals and one of 7 were excluded from the analysis as their sequences were non-informative. Ten distinct tables N z,u were derived for the available combinations of household size (z) and number of adults (u) respectively in the family : (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5,4), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5). Only complete family transitions, where the infection state of all household members is known on two consecutive observations, are used in the following analysis.…”

Section: Description Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is responsible for causing upper respiratory infections which may lead to ear infections and sinusitis, as well as more serious invasive disease such as pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis [3,4]. Pneumococcus is the leading cause of lobar pneumonia in children under 5 years of age [5].…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the transmission parameters of pneumococcal carriage in households

GAY²,

2004

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SUMMARYThis paper analyses Streptococcus pneumoniae transmission dynamics in households using longitudinal data on pneumococcal (Pnc) carriage in the United Kingdom. Ten consecutive swabs were taken at 4-week intervals from all members of 121 households. The family status is derived from the observed Pnc carriage status of each family member. Transition matrices are built for each family size and composition containing the observed frequency of transitions between family statuses over a 28-day interval. A density-dependent transmission model is fitted to derive maximum-likelihood estimates of the duration of carriage and acquisition rates from the community and from infected individuals within the household. Parameter values are estimated for children (<5 years) and adults (5+ years). The duration of carriage is longer in children <5 years of age than in older family members (51 vs. 19 days). Children are 3-4 times more likely than adults to acquire Pnc infection from the community. Transmission rates within the household suggest that adults are more infectious but less susceptible than children. Transmission within the household is most important in large families. The proportion of household-acquired infection ranges from 29 to 46 % in households of three persons to 38-50 % in larger households. Evidence of density-dependent within-household transmission is found, although the strength of this relationship is not clear from the model estimates.

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“…It is noteworthy that a large proportion of lobar pneumonias lack a microbiologically-confirmed etiology [22]. Use of various experimental diagnostic techniques has suggested that the Pneumococcus accounts for 25% to >50% of lobar pneumonias [10,18], although clear interpretation of their results is clouded by the lack of specificity of some of these techniques [23]. Preliminary results from the Phase III efficacy trial in Northern California do support a major role for the Pneumococcus, however.…”

Section: Geographic Differences In Ipd Incidencementioning

confidence: 99%