“Horse” in the Poems of Kyrgyz Poet Tologon Mameyev

Abstract

Horse which played important roles in history did not lose its old importance and value and is regarded as a sacred and noble animal. It was tamed in the steppe of Central Asia by Turks and was not used only for riding purposes by the migrant settlers in the region. Horse is known as a nutrition source (meat and milk) when necessary, a vital resource in the war time to make equipment from its skin, tail and mane hair, as a draught animal to carry the household from highland to lowland and vice versa by the migrant settlers, as a spanmate to the ox to tame the soil, and as an indicator of richness and economic power. Horse is also seen as a good friend protecting its owner in dangerous situations as seen in the proverb: "Horse is the wing of the humankind". Therefore, horse as a theme and character saving humans, is employed as a savior in many poems, stories, narratives, myths, fairy tales, legends, sagas and religious stories. It was also mentioned in many folk poetries. So, what is the importance of horse in contemporary life which has nearly no place for the migrant settlers' life? Is it an object to race in hippodromes to earn money or an object to carry the flag of a nation in the sports events? Does the horse receive the same attention as it was in the past or is it just an animal savior narrated in the fairy tales? The life of Kyrgyz people, one of the oldest Turkic clan, who have lived as migrant settlers till the beginning of the 20 th century and Kyrgyz poet Tölögön Mameyev's poems will be analyzed as a sample to understand the value and place of the horse to answer these questions, then the verses which include "horse" will be investigated to see which meaning it carried and Mamayev's approach to it.

Uçuş Harekat Uzmanlarının Örgütsel Stres Kaynaklarının Belirlenmesi Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma (A Qualitative Research on Organizational Stress Sources of Flight Dispatchers)

“…Uçuş sırasında olası tehlikeleri belirleyip, ekonomik ve emniyetli uçuş rotalarının seçilmesi, maksimum kalkış ve iniş ağırlıklarına uygun meydanlara planların hazırlanması uçuş harekat uzmanının görevleri arasındadır. Ayrıca görevleri; uçuş için yakıt miktarını , 2004;Hester, 1938).…”

“…Stres bazı durumlarda motivasyon açısından faydalı olur. Stresin doğru yönetilmesi olumlu sonuç verebileceği gibi doğru yönetilmemesinin de hem bireysel hem de örgüt açısından maliyeti oldukça fazladır (Kırel, 1993;Aydın, 2004).…”